Latest Articles
Virus-Cell InteractionsHuman Papillomavirus 16 L2 Recruits both Retromer and Retriever Complexes during Retrograde Trafficking of the Viral Genome to the Cell NucleusPrevious studies identified sorting nexins 17 and 27, as well as the retromer complex, as playing a role in HPV infection. This study shows that the newly identified retriever complex also plays an important role and begins to shed light on how both sorting nexins contribute to retromer and retriever recruitment during the infection process.
Structure and AssemblyN-Linked Glycosylation Plays an Important Role in Budding of Neuraminidase Protein and Virulence of Influenza VirusesNA is a highly glycosylated protein. Nevertheless, how the NLG affects the function of NA protein remains largely unclear.
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsEffective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin DerivativesThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and its subsequent spread to the rest of the world has created a pandemic situation unprecedented in modern history. While ACE2 has been identified as the viral receptor, cellular polysaccharides have also been implicated in virus entry.
Virus-Cell InteractionsTRAF6 and TAK1 Contribute to SAMHD1-Mediated Negative Regulation of NF-κB SignalingCells respond to pathogen infection by activating a complex innate immune signaling pathway, which culminates in the activation of transcription factors and secretion of a family of functionally and genetically related cytokines. However, excessive immune activation may cause tissue damage and detrimental effects on the host.
Structure and AssemblyThe SARS-CoV-2 Conserved Macrodomain Is a Mono-ADP-RibosylhydrolaseSARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged into the human population and has led to a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 that has caused more than 1.2 million deaths worldwide. With no currently approved treatments, novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed.
Structure and AssemblyCapsid Structure of Leishmania RNA Virus 1Twelve million people worldwide suffer from leishmaniasis, resulting in more than 30 thousand deaths annually. The disease has several variants that differ in their symptoms.
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightChikungunya Virus Replication Rate Determines the Capacity of Crossing Tissue Barriers in MosquitoesIt is well established that selective pressures in mosquito vectors impose population bottlenecks for arboviruses. Here, we used a CHIKV Caribbean lineage mutant carrying a deletion in the 3′ UTR to study host-virus interactions in vivo in the epidemic mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. We found that the mutant virus had a delayed replication rate in mosquitoes,...
Virus-Cell InteractionsEnterovirus D68 Protease 2Apro Targets TRAF3 To Subvert Host Innate Immune ResponsesHuman enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) has received considerable attention recently as a global reemergent pathogen because it causes severe respiratory tract infections and acute flaccid myelitis. The nonstructural protein 2A protease (2Apro) of EV, which functions in cleavage of host proteins, comprises an essential part of the viral immune evasion process. However, the pathogenic mechanism of EV-D68 is not fully understood. Here,...
Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightChanges in SARS-CoV-2 Spike versus Nucleoprotein Antibody Responses Impact the Estimates of Infections in Population-Based Seroprevalence StudiesIn the present study, we have determined SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses in sera of acute and postinfection phase subjects. Our results indicate that antibody responses against viral S and N proteins were equally sensitive in the acute phase of infection, but that responses against N appear to wane in the postinfection phase where those against the S protein persist over time. The most sensitive serological assay in both acute...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionUnexpected Discovery and Expression of Amphibian Class II Endogenous RetrovirusesClass II retroviruses, largely distributed among mammals and birds, are of particular importance for medicine and economics. Class II ERVs have been discovered in a range of vertebrates, with the exception of amphibians, which are known only to possess class I and class III-like ERVs.