Latest Articles
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsV1 and V2 Domains of HIV Envelope Contribute to CCR5 Antagonist Resistance
Structure and AssemblyHuman Norovirus Neutralized by a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Histo-Blood Group Antigen PocketThe emergence of new epidemic GII.4 norovirus variants is thought to be associated with changes in antigenicity and HBGA binding capacity. Here, we show that HBGA binding profiles remain unchanged between the 1974 and 2012 GII.4 variants, whereas these variants showed various levels of reactivity against a panel of GII.4 MAbs. We identified a MAb that bound at the HBGA pocket, blocked norovirus VLPs from binding to HBGAs, and...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityInfluenza Virus Infection Enhances Antibody-Mediated NK Cell Functions via Type I Interferon-Dependent PathwaysProtection from severe influenza may be assisted by antibodies that engage NK cells to kill infected cells through ADCC. Studies have primarily focused on antibodies that have ADCC activity, rather than the capacity of NK cells to become activated and mediate ADCC during an influenza virus infection. We found that type I interferon released in response to influenza virus infection primes NK cells to become highly reactive to anti-...
Virus-Cell InteractionsHantavirus RdRp Requires a Host Cell Factor for Cap SnatchingHumans acquire hantavirus infection by the inhalation of aerosolized excreta of infected rodent hosts. Hantavirus infections cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with mortality rates of 15% and 50%, respectively (1). Annually 150,000 to 200,000 cases of hantavirus infections are reported worldwide, for which there is no...
Cellular Response to InfectionContrasting Roles of the PD-1 Signaling Pathway in Dendritic Cell-Mediated Induction and Regulation of HIV-1-Specific Effector T Cell FunctionsTargeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis with signaling inhibitors has proven to be a powerful immunotherapeutic strategy to enhance the functional quality and survival of existing antigen-specific effector T cells. However, our study demonstrates that the context and timing of PD-1 signaling in T cells greatly impact the outcome of the effector response. In particular, we show that PD-1 activation plays a positive role during...
Virus-Cell InteractionsInsulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Receptor Expression Is Promoted by Human Herpesvirus 8-Encoded Interleukin-6 and Contributes to Viral Latency and Productive ReplicationHHV-8 vIL-6 promotes productive replication in the context of reactivated lytic replication in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and endothelial cells and sustains latently infected PEL cell viability. Viral IL-6 is also considered to contribute significantly to HHV-8-associated pathogenesis, since vIL-6 can promote cell proliferation, cell survival, and angiogenesis that are characteristic of HHV-8-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma, PEL and...
Structure and AssemblyThe Interaction of Bluetongue Virus VP6 and Genomic RNA Is Essential for Genome PackagingGenome packaging is a critical stage during virus replication. For viruses with segmented genomes, the genome segments need to be correctly packaged into a newly formed capsid. However, the detailed mechanism of this packaging is unclear. Here we focus on VP6, a minor viral protein of bluetongue virus, which is critical for genome packaging. We used multiple approaches, including a robust RNA-protein fingerprinting assay, to map the...
Virus-Cell InteractionsGenome-Wide Identification of Direct RTA Targets Reveals Key Host Factors for Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic ReactivationThe lytic cycle of KSHV is involved not only in the dissemination of the virus but also viral oncogenesis, in which the effect of RTA on the host transcriptome is still unclear. Using genomics approaches, we identified a core set of host genes which are rapidly and directly induced by RTA in the early phase of KSHV lytic reactivation. We found that RTA does not need viral cofactors but requires its host cofactor RBP-Jκ for inducing many...