Latest Articles
Virus-Cell InteractionsCellular Protein Kinase D Modulators Play a Role during Multiple Steps of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 EgressViruses are obligatory parasites that highjack numerous cellular functions. This is certainly true when it comes to transporting viral particles within the cell. Herpesviruses share the unique property of traveling through the two nuclear membranes by subsequent budding and fusion and acquiring their final envelope from a cellular organelle. Albeit disputed, the overall evidence from many laboratories points to the trans-Golgi...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsRecombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Expressing Chimeric Spike Glycoproteins Induce Partial Protective Immunity against Homologous Challenge despite Limited Replication In VivoInfectious bronchitis virus causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease, responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Amino acid differences in the surface protein, spike (S), in particular the S1 subunit, have been associated with poor cross-protection. Available vaccines give poor cross-protection and rationally designed live attenuated vaccines, based on apathogenic BeauR, could address these. Here...
Cellular Response to InfectionA Single Point Mutation in the Rhinovirus 2B Protein Reduces the Requirement for Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Class III Beta in Viral ReplicationHuman rhinoviruses (RVs) are the major cause of the common cold worldwide. They cause asthmatic exacerbations and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Despite recent advances, the development of antivirals and vaccines has proven difficult due to the high number and variability of RV types. The identification of critical host factors and their interactions with viral proteins and membrane lipids for the establishment of viral...
Virus-Cell InteractionsExpression of Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 Leads to Accumulation of Mono-SUMOylated PML That Is Protected from Degradation by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP0Our finding that HCMV IE1 protected hPML from degradation by HSV ICP0 is important, because the PML body (aka ND10) is believed to be the first line of host intrinsic defense against herpesviral infection. How the infected viruses overcome the nuclear defensive structure (PML body) has not been fully understood. Herpesviral proteins, ICP0 of HSV and IE1 of CMV, have been identified to interact with PML. Here, we report that HCMV IE1...
Virus-Cell InteractionsSindbis Virus Infection Causes Cell Death by nsP2-Induced Transcriptional Shutoff or by nsP3-Dependent Translational ShutoffAlphaviruses are a group of important human and animal pathogens with worldwide distribution. Their characteristic feature is a highly cytopathic phenotype in cells of vertebrate origin. The molecular mechanism of CPE remains poorly understood. In this study, by using Sindbis virus (SINV) as a model of the Old World alphaviruses, we demonstrated that SINV-specific CPE is redundantly determined by viral nsP2 and nsP3 proteins. NsP2...
Virus-Cell InteractionsA Novel Chimeric Oncolytic Virus Vector for Improved Safety and Efficacy as a Platform for the Treatment of Hepatocellular CarcinomaThe therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy often comes as a tradeoff with safety, such that potent vectors are often associated with toxicity, while safer viruses tend to have attenuated therapeutic effects. Despite promising preclinical data, the development of VSV as a clinical agent has been substantially hampered by the fact that severe neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity have been observed in rodents and nonhuman primates in...
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightNovel Class of Viral Ankyrin Proteins Targeting the Host E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cullin-2Viruses encode multiple proteins aimed at modulating cellular homeostasis and antagonizing the host antiviral response. Most of these genes were originally acquired from the host and subsequently adapted to benefit the virus. ANK proteins are common in eukaryotes but are unusual amongst viruses, with the exception of poxviruses, where they represent one of the largest protein families. We report here the existence of a new class of...
Cellular Response to InfectionHOIL1 Is Essential for the Induction of Type I and III Interferons by MDA5 and Regulates Persistent Murine Norovirus InfectionHuman noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis throughout the world but are challenging to study in vivo and in vitro. Murine norovirus (MNoV) provides a tractable genetic and small-animal model to study norovirus biology and immune responses. Interferons are critical mediators of antiviral immunity, but excessive expression can dysregulate the immune system. IFN-λ plays an important role at mucosal surfaces...
