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virus evolution

  • Open Access
    Molecular Characterization of Influenza C Viruses from Outbreaks in Hong Kong SAR, China
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution | Spotlight
    Molecular Characterization of Influenza C Viruses from Outbreaks in Hong Kong SAR, China

    Influenza C virus infection of humans is common, and reinfection can occur throughout life. While symptoms are generally mild, severe disease cases have been reported, but knowledge of the virus is limited, as little systematic surveillance for influenza C virus is conducted and the virus cannot be studied by classical virologic methods because it cannot be readily isolated in laboratories. A combination of systematic surveillance in...

    Rodney S. Daniels, Herman Tse, Burcu Ermetal, Zheng Xiang, Deborah J. Jackson, Jeremy Guntoro, Jérôme Nicod, Aengus Stewart, Karen J. Cross, Saira Hussain, John W. McCauley, Janice Lo
  • Inactivation of Genes by Frameshift Mutations Provides Rapid Adaptation of an Attenuated Vaccinia Virus
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Inactivation of Genes by Frameshift Mutations Provides Rapid Adaptation of an Attenuated Vaccinia Virus

    Gene inactivation is considered to be an important driver of orthopoxvirus evolution. Whereas cowpox virus contains intact orthologs of genes present in each orthopoxvirus species, numerous genes are inactivated in all other members of the genus. Inactivation of additional genes can occur upon extensive passaging of orthopoxviruses in cell culture leading to attenuation in vivo, a strategy for making vaccines. Whether...

    Tatiana G. Senkevich, Erik K. Zhivkoplias, Andrea S. Weisberg, Bernard Moss
  • <em>Cressdnaviricota</em>: a Virus Phylum Unifying Seven Families of Rep-Encoding Viruses with Single-Stranded, Circular DNA Genomes
    Letter to the Editor
    Cressdnaviricota: a Virus Phylum Unifying Seven Families of Rep-Encoding Viruses with Single-Stranded, Circular DNA Genomes
    Mart Krupovic, Arvind Varsani, Darius Kazlauskas, Mya Breitbart, Eric Delwart, Karyna Rosario, Natalya Yutin, Yuri I. Wolf, Balázs Harrach, F. Murilo Zerbini, Valerian V. Dolja, Jens H. Kuhn, Eugene V. Koonin
  • Antiangiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Blocking Peptides Displayed on the Capsid of an Infectious Oncolytic Parvovirus: Assembly and Immune Interactions
    Structure and Assembly
    Antiangiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Blocking Peptides Displayed on the Capsid of an Infectious Oncolytic Parvovirus: Assembly and Immune Interactions

    Targeting the VEGF signaling required for neovascularization by vaccination with chimeric capsids of oncolytic viruses may boost therapy for solid tumors. VEGF-blocking peptides (VEbp) engineered in the capsid 3-fold axis endowed the infectious parvovirus MVM with the ability to induce α-VEGF antibodies without adjuvant and to evade neutralization by MVM-specific antibodies. However, these properties may be compromised by structural...

    Esther Grueso, Cristina Sánchez-Martínez, Tania Calvo-López, Fernando J. de Miguel, Noelia Blanco-Menéndez, Marian Fernandez-Estevez, Maria Elizalde, Jorge Sanchez, Omar Kourani, Diana Martin, Aroa Tato, Milagros Guerra, Germán Andrés, José M. Almendral
  • A Zoonotic Adenoviral Human Pathogen Emerged through Genomic Recombination among Human and Nonhuman Simian Hosts
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    A Zoonotic Adenoviral Human Pathogen Emerged through Genomic Recombination among Human and Nonhuman Simian Hosts

    An emergent adenoviral human pathogen, HAdV-B76, associated with a fatality in 1965, shows a remarkable degree of genome identity with two recently isolated simian adenoviruses that contain cross-species genome recombination events from three hosts: human, chimpanzee, and bonobo. Zoonosis (nonhuman-to-human transmission) and anthroponosis (human to nonhuman transmission) may play significant roles in the emergence of human adenoviral...

    Shoaleh Dehghan, Jason Seto, Elizabeth B. Liu, Ashrafali M. Ismail, Ramana Madupu, Albert Heim, Morris S. Jones, David W. Dyer, James Chodosh, Donald Seto
  • Intrahost Selection Pressure Drives Equine Arteritis Virus Evolution during Persistent Infection in the Stallion Reproductive Tract
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Intrahost Selection Pressure Drives Equine Arteritis Virus Evolution during Persistent Infection in the Stallion Reproductive Tract

    EAV can persist in the reproductive tract of infected stallions, and consequently, long-term carrier stallions constitute its sole natural reservoir. Previous studies demonstrated that the ampullae of the vas deferens are the primary site of viral persistence in the stallion reproductive tract and the persistence is associated with a significant inflammatory response that is unable to clear the infection. This is the first study that...

    Bora Nam, Zelalem Mekuria, Mariano Carossino, Ganwu Li, Ying Zheng, Jianqiang Zhang, R. Frank Cook, Kathleen M. Shuck, Juliana R. Campos, Edward L. Squires, Mats H. T. Troedsson, Peter J. Timoney, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
  • Impact of Cultivated Hosts on the Recombination of <em>Cucumber Mosaic Virus</em>
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Impact of Cultivated Hosts on the Recombination of Cucumber Mosaic Virus

    Recombination is an important mechanism used by viruses for their diversification and to adapt to diverse hosts. Understanding the host role in the mechanisms of evolution is important for virus disease management and controlling the emergence of new strains. This study shows the impact that cultivated hosts are playing in the evolution of CMV. Furthermore, our results and previous studies show how some specific hosts could be an ideal...

    Rimnoma S. Ouedraogo, Justin S. Pita, Irenée P. Somda, Oumar Traore, Marilyn J. Roossinck
  • Plasticity of Amino Acid Residue 145 Near the Receptor Binding Site of H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses and Its Impact on Receptor Binding and Antibody Recognition
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Plasticity of Amino Acid Residue 145 Near the Receptor Binding Site of H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses and Its Impact on Receptor Binding and Antibody Recognition

    The complex and continuous antigenic evolution of IAVs remains a major hurdle for vaccine selection and effective vaccination. On the hemagglutinin (HA) of the H3N2 IAVs, the amino acid substitution N 145 K causes significant antigenic changes. We show that amino acid 145 displays remarkable amino acid plasticity in vitro, tolerating multiple amino acid substitutions, many of which have not yet been observed in nature. Mutant...

    Jefferson J. S. Santos, Eugenio J. Abente, Adebimpe O. Obadan, Andrew J. Thompson, Lucas Ferreri, Ginger Geiger, Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche, Nicola S. Lewis, David F. Burke, Daniela S. Rajão, James C. Paulson, Amy L. Vincent, Daniel R. Perez
  • A 1,000-Year-Old RNA Virus
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution | Spotlight
    A 1,000-Year-Old RNA Virus

    A virus related to plant chrysoviruses was found in numerous ancient samples of maize, with nearly complete genomes in three samples. The age of the ancient samples (i.e., about 1,000 years old) was confirmed by carbon dating. Chrysoviruses are persistent plant viruses. They infect their hosts from generation to generation by transmission through seeds and can remain in their hosts for very long time periods. When modern corn samples...

    Mahtab Peyambari, Sylvia Warner, Nicholas Stoler, Drew Rainer, Marilyn J. Roossinck
  • Structural Adaptations of Norovirus GII.17/13/21 Lineage through Two Distinct Evolutionary Paths
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Structural Adaptations of Norovirus GII.17/13/21 Lineage through Two Distinct Evolutionary Paths

    Our understanding of the molecular bases behind the interplays between human noroviruses and their host glycan ligands, as well as their evolutionary changes over time with alterations in their host ligand binding capability and host susceptibility, remains limited. By solving the crystal structures of the glycan ligand binding protruding (P) domains with or without glycan ligands of three representative noroviruses of the GII.17/13/21...

    Ying Qian, Mohan Song, Xi Jiang, Ming Xia, Jarek Meller, Ming Tan, Yutao Chen, Xuemei Li, Zihe Rao

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