virus entry
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightJC Polyomavirus Entry by Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Is Driven by β-ArrestinViruses usurp cellular factors to invade host cells. Activation and utilization of these proteins upon initiation of viral infection are therefore required for productive infection and resultant viral disease. The majority of healthy individuals are asymptomatically infected by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), but if the host immune system is compromised, JCPyV can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare, fatal,...
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightInfectious Entry of Merkel Cell PolyomavirusMCPyV is the first polyomavirus directly implicated in the development of an aggressive human cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Although MCPyV is constantly shed from healthy skin, the MCC incidence increases among aging and immunocompromised individuals. To date, the events connecting initial MCPyV infection and subsequent transformation still remain elusive. MCPyV differs from other known polyomaviruses concerning its cell tropism...
Virus-Cell InteractionsGlycoprotein K8.1A of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Is a Critical B Cell Tropism Determinant Independent of Its Heparan Sulfate Binding ActivityElucidating the molecular mechanisms by which KSHV infects B lymphocytes is critical for understanding how the virus establishes lifelong persistence in infected people, in whom it can cause life-threatening B cell lymphoproliferative disease. Here, we show that K8.1A, a KSHV-encoded glycoprotein on the surfaces of the virus particles, is critical for infection of B cells. This finding stands in marked contrast to previous studies with...
GemTetraspanins: Architects of Viral Entry and Exit PlatformsHost factors render cells susceptible to viral infection. One family of susceptibility factors, the tetraspanin proteins, facilitate enveloped virus entry by promoting virus-cell membrane fusion.
Virus-Cell InteractionsCell-to-Cell Transmission Is the Main Mechanism Supporting Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Spread in Cell CultureBVDV causes one of the most economically important viral infections for the cattle industry. The virus is able to cross the placenta and infect the fetus, leading to the birth of persistently infected animals, which are reservoirs for the spread of BVDV. The occurrence of persistent infection has hampered the efficacy of vaccination because it requires eliciting levels of protection close to sterilizing immunity to prevent fetal...
Virus-Cell InteractionsMutations in the Spike Protein of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Transmitted in Korea Increase Resistance to Antibody-Mediated NeutralizationMERS-CoV has pandemic potential, and it is important to identify mutations in viral proteins that might augment viral spread. In the course of a large hospital outbreak of MERS in the Republic of Korea in 2015, the spread of a viral variant that contained mutations in the viral spike protein was observed. These mutations were found to reduce receptor binding and viral infectivity. However, it remained unclear whether they also exerted...
Structure and AssemblyProtein Mismatches Caused by Reassortment Influence Functions of the Reovirus CapsidCells coinfected with viruses that possess a multipartite or segmented genome reassort to produce progeny viruses that contain a combination of gene segments from each parent. Reassortment places new pairs of genes together, generating viruses in which mismatched proteins must function together. To test if such forced pairing of proteins that form the virus shell or capsid alters the function of the particle, we investigated properties...
Virus-Cell InteractionsBub1 Facilitates Virus Entry through Endocytosis in a Model of Drosophila Pathogenesis- Virus-Cell InteractionsA Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection Mechanism Is Independent of Integrins α3β1, αVβ3, and αVβ5...
Our data reveal an integrin-independent route of KSHV infection and suggest that multiple Eph receptors besides EphA2 can promote and regulate infection. Since integrins and Eph receptors are large protein families with diverse expression patterns across cells and tissues, we propose that KSHV may engage with several proteins from both families in different combinations to negotiate successful entry into diverse cell types.
