virus
Structure and AssemblyCryo-electron Microscopy Structures of Novel Viruses from Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain with Multiple InfectionsPathogen identification is vital for unknown infectious outbreaks, especially for dual or multiple infections. Sleeping disease (SD) in crabs causes great economic losses to aquaculture worldwide. Here we report the discovery and identification of a novel virus in mud crabs with multiple infections that was not previously detected by molecular, immune, or traditional electron microscopy (EM) methods. High-resolution structures of...
GemGoing the Distance: Optimizing RNA-Seq Strategies for Transcriptomic Analysis of Complex Viral GenomesTranscriptome profiling has become routine in studies of many biological processes. However, the favored approaches such as short-read Illumina RNA sequencing are giving way to long-read sequencing platforms better suited to interrogating the complex transcriptomes typical of many RNA and DNA viruses.
Structure and AssemblyInfluenza A Virus M2 Protein Apical Targeting Is Required for Efficient Virus ReplicationInfluenza A virus assembly and particle release occur at the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells. The integral membrane proteins encoded by the virus, HA, NA, and M2, are all targeted to the apical membrane and believed to recruit the other structural proteins to sites of virus assembly. By targeting M2 to the basolateral or endoplasmic reticulum membranes, influenza A virus replication was significantly reduced. Basolateral...
- Genetic Diversity and EvolutionViral Discovery in the Invasive Australian Cane Toad (Rhinella marina) Using Metatranscriptomic and Genomic Approaches
Cane toads are poisonous amphibians that were introduced to Australia in 1935 for insect control. Since then, their population has increased dramatically, and they now threaten many native Australian species. One potential method to control the population is to release a cane toad virus with high mortality rates, yet few cane toad viruses have been characterized. This study samples cane toads from different Australian locations and uses...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityLong Noncoding RNA ITPRIP-1 Positively Regulates the Innate Immune Response through Promotion of Oligomerization and Activation of MDA5
Hepatitis C virus infection is a global health issue, and there is still no available vaccine, which makes it urgent to reveal the underlying mechanisms of HCV and host factors. Although RIG-I has been recognized as the leading cytoplasmic sensor against HCV for a long time, recent findings that MDA5 regulates the IFN response to HCV have emerged. Our work validates the significant role of MDA5 in IFN signaling and HCV infection and...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityTRIM21 Promotes Innate Immune Response to RNA Viral Infection through Lys27-Linked Polyubiquitination of MAVS
Activation of innate immunity is essential for host cells to restrict the spread of invading viruses and other pathogens. MAVS plays a critical role in innate immune response to RNA viral infection. In this study, we demonstrated that TRIM21 targets MAVS to positively regulate innate immunity. Notably, TRIM21 targets and catalyzes K27-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS and then promotes the recruitment of TBK1 to MAVS, leading to...
- Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightSuperinfection Exclusion between Two High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types during a Coinfection
- Virus-Cell InteractionsAn Alternate Route for Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Entry Independent of AAV Receptor
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsALT-803 Transiently Reduces Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in the Absence of Antiretroviral Treatment