viral replication
Pathogenesis and ImmunityViral Factors Important for Efficient Replication of Influenza A Viruses in Cells of the Central Nervous SystemCentral nervous system (CNS) disease is one of the most common extrarespiratory tract complications of influenza A virus infections, and the frequency and severity differ between seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza viruses. However, little is known about the interaction of these viruses with cells of the CNS. Differences among seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza viruses in replication efficacy in CNS cells, in vitro...
Virus-Cell InteractionsA Lysine Residue Essential for Geminivirus Replication Also Controls Nuclear Localization of the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Rep ProteinNuclear activity of the replication initiator protein (Rep) of geminiviruses is essential for viral replication. We now define that one highly conserved lysine is important for nuclear import of Rep from three different begomoviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first time that nuclear localization has been mapped for any geminiviral Rep protein. Our data add another key function to this lysine residue, besides its roles in viral DNA...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsDehydrojuncusol, a Natural Phenanthrene Compound Extracted from Juncus maritimus, Is a New Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus RNA ReplicationTens of millions of people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. Recently marketed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting HCV proteins have enhanced the efficacy of treatment. However, due to its high cost, this new therapy is not accessible to the vast majority of infected patients. Furthermore, treatment failures have also been reported due to the appearance of viral resistance. Here, we report on the identification...
Virus-Cell InteractionsSUMO1 Modification Facilitates Avibirnavirus Replication by Stabilizing Polymerase VP1SUMOylation is an extensively discussed posttranslational modification in diverse cellular biological pathways. However, there is limited understanding about SUMOylation of viral proteins of IBDV during infection. In the present study, we revealed a SUMO1 modification of VP1 protein, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The required site of VP1 SUMOylation comprised residues 404...
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionPhosphorylation of a Conserved Tyrosine in the Papillomavirus E2 Protein Regulates Brd4 Binding and Viral ReplicationHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are highly infectious pathogens that commonly infect the oropharynx and uterine cervix. The idea that posttranslational modifications of viral proteins coordinates viral genome replication is less explored. We recently discovered that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) phosphorylates the viral E2 protein. The current study demonstrates that FGFR3 phosphorylates E2 at tyrosine 138, which inhibits...
Virus-Cell InteractionsMarek's Disease Virus Disables the ATR-Chk1 Pathway by Activating STAT3MDV is used as a biomedical model to study virus-induced lymphoma due to the similar genomic structures and physiological characteristics of MDV and human herpesviruses. Upon infection, MDV induces DNA damage, which may activate the DDR pathway. The DDR pathway has a dual impact on viruses because it manipulates repair and recombination factors to facilitate viral replication and also initiates antiviral action by regulating other...
Virus-Cell InteractionsFunctional and Physical Interaction between the Arf Activator GBF1 and Hepatitis C Virus NS3 ProteinSingle-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses rely to a significant extent on host factors to achieve the replication of their genome. GBF1 is such a cellular protein that is required for the replication of several RNA viruses, but its mechanism of action during viral infections is not yet defined. In this study, we investigated potential interactions that GBF1 might engage in with proteins of HCV, a GBF1-dependent virus. We found that...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsEfficient Inhibition of Avian and Seasonal Influenza A Viruses by a Virus-Specific Dicer-Substrate Small Interfering RNA Swarm in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Dendritic CellsIn spite of the enormous amount of research, influenza virus is still one of the major challenges for medical virology due to its capacity to generate new variants, which potentially lead to severe epidemics and pandemics. We demonstrated here that a swarm of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, including more than 100 different antiviral RNA molecules targeting the most conserved regions of the influenza A virus genome, could...
Virus-Cell InteractionsThe Host DHX9 DExH-Box Helicase Is Recruited to Chikungunya Virus Replication Complexes for Optimal Genomic RNA TranslationThe reemergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, is a serious global health threat. In the absence of effective antiviral drugs, CHIKV infection has a significant impact on human health, with chronic arthritis being one of the most serious complications. The molecular understanding of host-virus interactions is a prerequisite to the development of targeted...
Virus-Cell InteractionsRNA Helicase A Is an Important Host Factor Involved in Dengue Virus ReplicationDengue, caused by dengue virus, is a rapidly spreading disease, and currently there are no treatments available. Host factors involved in the viral replication of dengue virus are potential antiviral therapeutic targets. Although RHA has been shown to promote the multiplication of several viruses, such as HIV and adenovirus, its role in the flavivirus family, including dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and emerging Zika virus,...