viral entry
Virus-Cell InteractionsIdentification of Clotrimazole Derivatives as Specific Inhibitors of Arenavirus FusionEmerging human-pathogenic arenaviruses are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality and represent serious public health problems. The current lack of a licensed vaccine and the limited treatment options makes the development of novel antiarenaviral therapeutics an urgent need. Using a recombinant pseudotype platform, we uncovered that clotrimazole drugs, in particular TRAM-34, specifically inhibit cell entry of...
Virus-Cell InteractionsRole of Sphingomyelin in Alphaherpesvirus EntryBovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an ubiquitous pathogen affecting cattle populations worldwide. Infection can result in complicated, polymicrobial infections due to the immunosuppressive properties of the virus. Available vaccines limit disease severity and spread but do not prevent infection. The financial and animal welfare ramifications of BoHV-1 are significant. In order to develop more effective prevention and treatment regimens, a...
Virus-Cell InteractionsLow-pH Endocytic Entry of the Porcine Alphaherpesvirus Pseudorabies VirusPRV is a pathogen of great economic and animal welfare importance in many parts of the world. PRV causes neurological, respiratory, and reproductive disorders, often resulting in mortality of young and immunocompromised animals. Mortality, decreased production, and trade restrictions result in significant financial losses for the agricultural industry. Understanding the molecular mechanisms utilized by PRV to enter host cells is an...
Virus-Cell InteractionsPhosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt and MEK/ERK Signaling Pathways Facilitate Sapovirus Trafficking and Late Endosomal Acidification for Viral Uncoating in LLC-PK CellsSapoviruses cause acute gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. However, the host signaling pathway(s) that facilitates host cell entry by sapoviruses remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that porcine sapovirus (PSaV) activates both PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK cascades at an early stage of infection. Removal of cell surface receptors decreased PSaV-induced early activation of both cascades. Moreover, blocking of PI3K/Akt and MEK/...
Virus-Cell InteractionsBovine Herpesvirus 1 Entry by a Low-pH Endosomal PathwayBoHV-1 is a ubiquitous pathogen affecting cattle populations worldwide. Infection can result in complicated, polymicrobial infections due to the immunosuppressive properties of the virus. While there are vaccines on the market, they only limit disease severity and spread but do not prevent infection. The financial and animal welfare ramifications of this virus are significant, and in order to develop more effective prevention and...
Structure and AssemblyFunctional Study of the C-Terminal Part of the Hepatitis C Virus E1 EctodomainHCV is a major public health problem worldwide. The virion harbors two envelope proteins, E1 and E2, which are involved at different steps of the viral life cycle. Whereas E2 has been extensively characterized, the function of E1 remains poorly defined. We characterized here the function of the putative fusion peptide and the region containing α helices of the E1 ectodomain, which had been previously suggested to be important for virus...
- Virus-Cell InteractionsAcidic pH Mediates Changes in Antigenic and Oligomeric Conformation of Herpes Simplex Virus gB and Is a Determinant of Cell-Specific Entry
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes infection of the mouth, skin, eyes, and genitals and establishes lifelong latency in humans. gB is conserved among all herpesviruses. HSV gB undergoes reversible conformational changes following exposure to acidic pH which are thought to mediate fusion and entry into epithelial cells. Here, we identified cotranslational folding and oligomerization of newly synthesized gB. A panel of antibodies to gB...
- Virus-Cell InteractionsFibronectin Facilitates Enterovirus 71 Infection by Mediating Viral Entry
- Virus-Cell InteractionsAn Alternate Route for Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Entry Independent of AAV Receptor