viral entry
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightCD300lf Conditional Knockout Mouse Reveals Strain-Specific Cellular Tropism of Murine NorovirusHuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting in up to 200,000 deaths each year. The receptor and cell tropism of HuNoV in immunocompetent humans are unclear.
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightPrecise Triggering and Chemical Control of Single-Virus Fusion within EndosomesMany enveloped viruses infect cells via fusion to endosomes, but controlling this process within living cells has been challenging. We studied the fusion of influenza virus virions to endosomes in a chemically controllable manner. Extracting virus:endosome conjugates from cells and exogenously triggering fusion permits precise study of virus:endosome fusion kinetics. Surprisingly, endosomal curvature does not grossly alter fusion...
Virus-Cell InteractionsHerpes Simplex Virus Entry by a Nonconventional Endocytic PathwayHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the prototype alphaherpesvirus, is ubiquitous in the human population and causes lifelong infection that can be fatal in neonatal and immunocompromised individuals. HSV enters many cell types by endocytosis, including epithelial cells, the site of primary infection in the host. The intracellular itinerary for HSV entry remains unclear. We probed the potential involvement of several Rab GTPases in HSV-1...
Virus-Cell InteractionsThe Amino Acid at Position 8 of the Proteolytic Cleavage Site of the Mumps Virus Fusion Protein Affects Viral Proteolysis and FusogenicityMumps virus (MuV) is the causative agent of the highly infectious disease mumps. Mumps is mainly associated with mild symptoms, but severe complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, or orchitis can also occur. There is evidence that the virulence of different MuV strains and variants might correlate with the ability of the fusion protein (F) to mediate cell-to-cell fusion. However, the relation between virulence and fusogenicity or...
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightThird Helical Domain of the Nipah Virus Fusion Glycoprotein Modulates both Early and Late Steps in the Membrane Fusion CascadeThe Paramyxoviridae family includes important human and animal pathogens, such as measles, mumps, and parainfluenza viruses and the deadly henipaviruses Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. Paramyxoviruses infect the respiratory tract and the central nervous system (CNS) and can be highly infectious. Most paramyxoviruses have a limited host range. However, the biosafety level 4 NiV and HeV are highly pathogenic and have a wide...
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightLY6E Restricts Entry of Human Coronaviruses, Including Currently Pandemic SARS-CoV-2Virus entry into host cells is one of the key determinants of host range and cell tropism and is subjected to the control of host innate and adaptive immune responses. In the last decade, several interferon-inducible cellular proteins, including IFITMs, GILT, ADAP2, 25CH, and LY6E, had been identified to modulate the infectious entry of a variety of viruses. Particularly, LY6E was recently identified as a host factor that facilitates...
Virus-Cell InteractionsInvasion of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 into Murine Dermis: Role of Nectin-1 and Herpesvirus Entry Mediator as Cellular Receptors during AgingHSV-1 is a prevalent human pathogen which invades skin and mucocutaneous linings. So far, the underlying mechanisms of how the virus invades tissue, reaches its receptors, and initiates infection are still unresolved. To unravel the mechanical prerequisites that limit or favor viral invasion into tissue, we need to understand the contribution of the receptors that are involved in viral internalization. Here, we investigated the invasion...
GemBreaking the Convention: Sialoglycan Variants, Coreceptors, and Alternative Receptors for Influenza A Virus EntryThe influenza A virus (IAV) envelope protein hemagglutinin binds α2,6- or α2,3-linked sialic acid as a host cell receptor. Bat IAV subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 form an exception to this rule and do not bind sialic acid but enter cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II.
Virus-Cell InteractionsIntegrin β1 Promotes Peripheral Entry by Rabies VirusRabies is a severe zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV). However, the nature of RABV entry remains unclear, which has hindered the development of therapy for rabies. It is suggested that modulations of RABV glycoprotein and multiple host factors are responsible for RABV invasion. Here, we showed that integrin β1 (ITGB1) directly interacts with RABV glycoprotein, and both proteins are internalized together into host cells....
Virus-Cell InteractionsTransmembrane Domain Dissociation Is Required for Hendra Virus F Protein Fusogenic ActivityThe paramyxovirus Hendra virus (HeV) causes severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. To develop therapeutics for HeV and related viral infections, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying paramyxovirus fusion events. Knowledge gained in studies of the HeV fusion (F) protein may be applicable to a broad span of enveloped viruses. In this study, we demonstrate that disulfide bonds introduced between...