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vaccines

  • A Novel Live Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate with Mutations in the L Protein SAM Binding Site and the G Protein Cleavage Site Is Protective in Cotton Rats and a Rhesus Macaque
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    A Novel Live Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate with Mutations in the L Protein SAM Binding Site and the G Protein Cleavage Site Is Protective in Cotton Rats and a Rhesus Macaque

    Globally, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of death in children under 1 year of age, yet no vaccine is available. We have generated a novel RSV live attenuated vaccine candidate containing mutations in the L and G proteins.

    Tiffany Jenkins, Rongzhang Wang, Olivia Harder, Miaoge Xue, Phylip Chen, Jacqueline Corry, Christopher Walker, Michael Teng, Asuncion Mejias, Octavio Ramilo, Stefan Niewiesk, Jianrong Li, Mark E. Peeples
  • Enhancement of HIV-1 Env-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses Using Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 as an Immune Adjuvant
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Enhancement of HIV-1 Env-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses Using Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 as an Immune Adjuvant

    Our study described the potential role of ISG15 as an immunomodulatory molecule in the optimization of HIV/AIDS vaccine candidates. Using a DNA prime–MVA boost immunization protocol, our results indicated an increase in the potency and the quality of the HIV-1 Env-specific CD8 T cell response. These results highlight the adjuvant potency of ISG15 to elicit improved viral antigen presentation to the immune system, resulting in an...

    Carmen Elena Gómez, Beatriz Perdiguero, Michela Falqui, María Q. Marín, Martina Bécares, Carlos Óscar S. Sorzano, Juan García-Arriaza, Mariano Esteban, Susana Guerra
  • Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) 0ΔNLS Live-Attenuated Vaccine Protects against Ocular HSV-1 Infection in the Absence of Neutralizing Antibody in HSV-1 gB T Cell Receptor-Specific Transgenic Mice
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) 0ΔNLS Live-Attenuated Vaccine Protects against Ocular HSV-1 Infection in the Absence of Neutralizing Antibody in HSV-1 gB T Cell Receptor-Specific Transgenic Mice

    The role of CD8+ T cells in antiviral efficacy using a live-attenuated virus as the vaccine is complicated by the humoral immune response. In the case of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 0ΔNLS vaccine, the correlate of protection has been defined to be primarily antibody driven. The current study shows that in the near absence of anti-HSV-1 antibody, vaccinated mice are protected from subsequent challenge with wild-type HSV...

    Grzegorz B. Gmyrek, Adrian Filiberti, Micaela Montgomery, Alisha Chitrakar, Derek J. Royer, Daniel J. J. Carr
  • Open Access
    Cross-Protection against MERS-CoV by Prime-Boost Vaccination Using Viral Spike DNA and Protein
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Cross-Protection against MERS-CoV by Prime-Boost Vaccination Using Viral Spike DNA and Protein

    Coronavirus is an RNA virus with a higher mutation rate than DNA viruses. Therefore, a mutation in S-protein, which mediates viral infection by binding to a human cellular receptor, is expected to cause difficulties in vaccine development. Given that DNA-protein vaccines promote stronger cell-mediated immune responses than protein-only vaccination, we immunized mice with various combinations of DNA priming and protein boosting using the...

    Jung-ah Choi, Junghyun Goo, Eunji Yang, Dae-Im Jung, Sena Lee, Semi Rho, Yuji Jeong, Young-Shin Park, Hayan Park, Young-hye Moon, Uni Park, Sang-Hwan Seo, Hyeja Lee, Jae Myun Lee, Nam-Hyuk Cho, Manki Song, Jae-Ouk Kim
  • Open Access
    Cross-Protection by Inactivated H5 Prepandemic Vaccine Seed Strains against Diverse Goose/Guangdong Lineage H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Cross-Protection by Inactivated H5 Prepandemic Vaccine Seed Strains against Diverse Goose/Guangdong Lineage H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses

    The sustained circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 A/goose/Guangdong/1996 (Gs/GD) lineage in the agricultural sector and some wild birds has led to the evolution and selection of distinct viral lineages involved in escape from vaccine protection. Our results using inactivated vaccine candidates from the human pandemic preparedness program in a chicken challenge model identified critical antigenic...

    Miria Ferreira Criado, Mariana Sá e Silva, Dong-Hun Lee, Carolina Alves de Lima Salge, Erica Spackman, Ruben Donis, Xiu-Feng Wan, David E. Swayne
  • Rectal Acquisition of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) SIVmac239 Infection despite Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses against the Entire SIV Proteome
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Rectal Acquisition of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) SIVmac239 Infection despite Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses against the Entire SIV Proteome

    Our results are relevant to HIV vaccine development efforts because they suggest that increasing the number of booster immunizations or delivering additional viral antigens may not necessarily improve vaccine efficacy against immunodeficiency virus infection.

    Mauricio A. Martins, Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto, Michael J. Ricciardi, Varian K. Bailey, Christine M. Dang, Georg F. Bischof, Nuria Pedreño-Lopez, Matthias G. Pauthner, Dennis R. Burton, Christopher L. Parks, Patricia Earl, Bernard Moss, Eva G. Rakasz, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ronald C. Desrosiers, David I. Watkins
  • Open Access
    Surprisingly Effective Priming of CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells by Heat-Inactivated Vaccinia Virus Virions
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Surprisingly Effective Priming of CD8+ T Cells by Heat-Inactivated Vaccinia Virus Virions

    The design of viral vectored vaccines is often considered to require a trade-off between efficacy and safety. This is especially the case for vaccines that aim to induce killer (CD8+) T cells, where there is a well-established dogma that links infection in vaccinated individuals with effective induction of immunity. However, we found that some proteins of vaccinia virus generate strong CD8+ T cell responses even...

    Sarah Croft, Yik Chun Wong, Stewart A. Smith, Inge E. A. Flesch, David C. Tscharke
  • Open Access
    COVID-19 Vaccines: “Warp Speed” Needs Mind Melds, Not Warped Minds
    Minireview
    COVID-19 Vaccines: “Warp Speed” Needs Mind Melds, Not Warped Minds

    In this review, we address issues that relate to the rapid “Warp Speed” development of vaccines to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. We review the antibody response that is triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of humans and how it may inform vaccine research. The isolation and properties of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 patients provide additional information on what...

    John P. Moore, P. J. Klasse
  • A Single-Cycle Glycoprotein D Deletion Viral Vaccine Candidate, ΔgD-2, Elicits Polyfunctional Antibodies That Protect against Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    A Single-Cycle Glycoprotein D Deletion Viral Vaccine Candidate, ΔgD-2, Elicits Polyfunctional Antibodies That Protect against Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus

    Herpes simplex virus 1 is the leading cause of infectious corneal blindness in the United States and Europe. Developing vaccines to prevent ocular disease is challenging because the eye is a relatively immune-privileged site. In this study, we compared a single-cycle viral vaccine candidate, which is unique in that it elicits predominantly nonneutralizing antibodies that activate Fc receptors and bind complement, and a glycoprotein D...

    Natalie L. M. Ramsey, Maria Visciano, Richard Hunte, Lip Nam Loh, Clare Burn Aschner, William R. Jacobs, Betsy C. Herold
  • T Cell Responses Induced by Attenuated Flavivirus Vaccination Are Specific and Show Limited Cross-Reactivity with Other Flavivirus Species
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    T Cell Responses Induced by Attenuated Flavivirus Vaccination Are Specific and Show Limited Cross-Reactivity with Other Flavivirus Species

    The envelope (E) protein is the dominant target of neutralizing antibodies for dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). Accordingly, several DENV vaccine constructs use the E protein in a live attenuated vaccine format, utilizing a backbone derived from a heterologous flavivirus (such as YF) as a delivery vector. This backbone comprises the nonstructural (NS) and capsid (C) antigens, which are dominant targets of T cell...

    Alba Grifoni, Hannah Voic, Sandeep Kumar Dhanda, Conner K. Kidd, James D. Brien, Søren Buus, Anette Stryhn, Anna P. Durbin, Stephen Whitehead, Sean A. Diehl, Aruna D. De Silva, Angel Balmaseda, Eva Harris, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette

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