vaccine
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsLong-Acting BMS-378806 Analogues Stabilize the State-1 Conformation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope GlycoproteinsThe envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediates the entry of the virus into host cells and is also the target for antibodies. During virus entry, Env needs to change shape. Env flexibility also contributes to the ability of HIV-1 to evade the host immune response; many shapes of Env raise antibodies that cannot recognize the functional Env and therefore do not block virus...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsA Novel Immunogen Selectively Eliciting CD8+ T Cells but Not CD4+ T Cells Targeting Immunodeficiency Virus AntigensInduction of effective CD8+ T-cell responses is an important HIV vaccine strategy. Several promising vaccine delivery tools have been developed, and immunogen optimization is now crucial for effective T-cell induction. Conventional immunogens have been designed to induce virus-specific CD4+ T cells as well as CD8+ T cells, but induction of virus-specific CD4+ T cells that are preferential...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsRapid Generation of Attenuated Infectious Bursal Disease Virus from Dual-Promoter Plasmids by Reduction of Viral Ribonucleoprotein ActivityImmunosuppression in chickens as a result of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection leads to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide every year. Currently, vaccination is still the best way to prevent the prevalence of IBDV. However, with the occurrence of increasing numbers of variant IBDV strains, it is challenging to develop antigen-matched live attenuated vaccine. Here, we first developed a dual-...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsDevelopment of a Highly Effective African Swine Fever Virus Vaccine by Deletion of the I177L Gene Results in Sterile Immunity against the Current Epidemic Eurasia StrainCurrently, there is no commercially available vaccine against African swine fever. Outbreaks of this disease are devastating the swine industry from Central Europe to East Asia, and they are being caused by circulating strains of African swine fever virus derived from the Georgia 2007 isolate. Here, we report the discovery of a previously uncharacterized virus gene, which when deleted completely attenuates the Georgia isolate....
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsGlycan Profiles of gp120 Protein Vaccines from Four Major HIV-1 Subtypes Produced from Different Host Cell Lines under Non-GMP or GMP ConditionsHIV-1 Env protein is a major target for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. Env is covered with a large number of sugar-based glycan forms; about 50% of the Env molecular weight is composed of glycans. Glycan analysis of recombinant Env is important for understanding its roles in viral pathogenesis and immune responses. The current report presents the first extensive comparison of glycosylation patterns of recombinant gp120 proteins...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityEpitope-Containing Short Peptides Capture Distinct IgG Serodynamics That Enable Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals for Live-Attenuated VaccinesOutbreaks of infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as pseudorabies (PR), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and PPR viruses, led to economic losses reaching billions of dollars. Both PR and FMD were eliminated in several countries via large-scale vaccination programs using DIVA-compatible vaccines, which lack the gE protein and nonstructural proteins, respectively. However, there are still extensive challenges facing the development...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsImpact of Th1 CD4 Follicular Helper T Cell Skewing on Antibody Responses to an HIV-1 Vaccine in Rhesus MacaquesThe results of the RV144 trial demonstrated that vaccination could prevent HIV transmission in humans and that longevity of anti-Env antibodies may be key to this protection. Efforts to improve upon the prime-boost vaccine regimen used in RV144 have indicated that booster immunizations can increase serum anti-Env antibody titers but only transiently. Poor antibody durability hampers efforts to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine. This...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsExpression of CD40L by the ALVAC-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vector Abrogates T Cell Responses in MacaquesCD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is crucial for inducing effective cytotoxic and humoral responses against pathogens. Because of its immunomodulatory function, CD40L has been used to enhance immune responses to vaccines, including candidate vaccines for HIV. The only successful vaccine ever tested in humans utilized a strategy combining canarypox virus-based vector (ALVAC) together with an envelope protein (gp120) adjuvanted in alum...
Virus-Cell InteractionsInfluenza Virus Hemagglutinins H2, H5, H6, and H11 Are Not Targets of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D: N-Glycan Subtypes in Host-Pathogen InteractionsLow-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes can reassort with circulating human strains and pandemic viruses can emerge in human populations, as was seen in the 1957 pandemic, in which an H2 virus reassorted with the circulating H1N1 to create a novel H2N2 genotype. Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D), a key factor in first-line innate immunity defense, removes influenza type A virus (IAV) through interaction with...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsA Replication-Defective Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Elicits Humoral Immune Responses Analogous to Those with Natural InfectionIn utero HCMV infection can lead to miscarriage or childhood disabilities, and an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Since children born to women who are seropositive prior to pregnancy are less likely to be affected by congenital HCMV infection, it has been hypothesized that a vaccine capable of inducing an immune response resembling the responses in HCMV-seropositive women may be effective. We previously described a...