vaccine
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsThe Immunological Impact of Adenovirus Early Genes on Vaccine-Induced Responses in Mice and Nonhuman PrimatesAdenovirus (Ad) is being explored for use in the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases and cancers. Here, we provide evidence in cells, mice, and nonhuman primates supporting the notion that Ad early gene products limit specific immune responses.
Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | SpotlightUniversal Dengue Vaccine Elicits Neutralizing Antibodies against Strains from All Four Dengue Virus SerotypesDengue virus infects millions of people living in tropical areas of the world. Dengue virus-induced diseases can range from mild to severe with death.
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsVaccines That Reduce Viral Shedding Do Not Prevent Transmission of H1N1 Pandemic 2009 Swine Influenza A Virus Infection to Unvaccinated PigsThis study was designed to determine whether vaccination of pigs with conventional WIV or virus-vectored vaccines reduces pH1N1 swine influenza virus shedding following challenge and can prevent transmission to naive in-contact animals. Even when viral shedding was significantly reduced following challenge, infection was transmissible to susceptible cohoused recipients.
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsA Parainfluenza Virus Vector Expressing the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Is More Effective than RSV for Boosting a Primary Immunization with RSVImmune responses to RSV in infants can be reduced due to immunological immaturity and immunosuppression by RSV-specific maternal antibodies. In infants and young children, two infections with wild-type RSV typically are needed to achieve the titers of RSV-specific serum antibodies and protection against illness that are observed in adults. Therefore, a boost might substantially improve the performance of live pediatric RSV vaccines...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsReverse Genetics Approach for Developing Rotavirus Vaccine Candidates Carrying VP4 and VP7 Genes Cloned from Clinical Isolates of Human RotavirusAlthough vaccines have reduced global RV-associated hospitalization and mortality over the past decade, the multisegmented genome of RVs allows reassortment of VP4 and VP7 genes from different RV species and strains. The evolutionary dynamics of novel RV genotypes and their constellations have led to great genomic and antigenic diversity. The reverse genetics system is a powerful tool for manipulating RV genes, thereby controlling viral...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsZika Virus-Like Particles Bearing a Covalent Dimer of Envelope Protein Protect Mice from Lethal ChallengeInfection with Zika virus (ZIKV) leads to the production by the host of antibodies that target the viral surface envelope (E) protein. A subset of these antibodies can inhibit virus infection, thus making E a suitable candidate for the development of vaccine against the virus. However, the anti-ZIKV E antibodies can cross-react with the E protein of the related dengue virus on account of the high level of similarity exhibited by the two...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsStable Attenuation of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus for Live Vaccines by Deletion and Insertion of Amino Acids in the Hinge Region between the mRNA Capping and Methyltransferase Domains of the Large Polymerase ProteinDespite tremendous efforts, there are no FDA-approved vaccines for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A live attenuated RSV vaccine is one of the most promising vaccine strategies for RSV. However, it has been a challenge to identify an RSV vaccine strain that has an optimal balance between attenuation and immunogenicity. In this study, we generated a panel of recombinant RSVs carrying a single and double deletion or a single...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsStructure-Based Design of Hepatitis C Virus E2 Glycoprotein Improves Serum Binding and Cross-NeutralizationHepatitis C virus infects approximately 1% of the world’s population, and no vaccine is currently available. Due to the high variability of HCV and its ability to actively escape the immune response, a goal of HCV vaccine design is to induce neutralizing antibodies that target conserved epitopes. Here, we performed structure-based design of several epitopes of the HCV E2 envelope glycoprotein to engineer its antigenic properties....
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsProbing the Structure of the HIV-1 Envelope Trimer Using Aspartate Scanning MutagenesisIn most crystal structures of the soluble ectodomain of the HIV-1 Env trimer, some residues in the fusion and N-heptad repeat regions are disordered. Whether this is true in the context of native, functional Env on the virion surface is not known. This knowledge may be useful for stabilizing Env in its prefusion conformation and will also help to improve understanding of the viral entry process. Burial of the charged residue Asp in a...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsA Novel Mucosal Adjuvant System for Immunization against Avian Coronavirus Causing Infectious BronchitisAccording to 2017 U.S. agriculture statistics, the combined value of production and sales from broilers, eggs, turkeys, and chicks was $42.8 billion. Of this number, broiler sales comprised 67% of the industry value, with the production of >50 billion pounds of chicken meat. The economic success of the poultry industry in the United States hinges on the extensive use of vaccines to control infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and other...