vaccine
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsPriming with a Potent HIV-1 DNA Vaccine Frames the Quality of Immune Responses prior to a Poxvirus and Protein BoostThe evaluation of HIV vaccine efficacy trials indicates that protection would most likely correlate with a polyfunctional immune response involving several effector functions from all arms of the immune system. Heterologous prime-boost regimens have been shown to elicit vigorous T cell and antibody responses in nonhuman primates that, however, qualitatively and quantitatively differ depending on the respective vector systems used. The...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsN-Glycosylation of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Hemagglutinins: Implication for Potency Testing and Immune ProcessingIn the present study, the glycosylation patterns of the 2014-2015 influenza vaccine season standard antigens A/California/07/2009 H1N1, A/Texas/50/2012 H3N2, and B/Massachusetts/02/2012 were revealed, and the sensitivity of the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) potency test to glycosylation was tested. Differences in hemagglutinin glycosylation site composition and heterogeneity seen in antigens produced in different cell substrates...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityMutation of Influenza A Virus PA-X Decreases Pathogenicity in Chicken Embryos and Can Increase the Yield of Reassortant Candidate Vaccine VirusesInfluenza A virus is a widespread pathogen that affects both humans and a variety of animal species, causing regular epidemics and sporadic pandemics, with major public health and economic consequences. A better understanding of virus biology is therefore important. The primary control measure is vaccination, which for humans mostly relies on antigens produced in eggs from PR8-based viruses bearing the glycoprotein genes of interest....
![Multiple Introductions and Antigenic Mismatch with Vaccines May Contribute to Increased Predominance of G12P[8] Rotaviruses in the United States](https://jvi.asm.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/externals/b1747fdad277984982c5479b7c25a3fb.jpg?itok=-r4Gc8j1)
Genetic Diversity and Evolution | SpotlightMultiple Introductions and Antigenic Mismatch with Vaccines May Contribute to Increased Predominance of G12P[8] Rotaviruses in the United StatesRotavirus is an important cause of childhood diarrheal disease worldwide. Two immunodominant proteins of rotavirus, VP7 and VP4, determine G and P genotypes, respectively. Recently, G12P[8] rotaviruses have become increasingly predominant. By analyzing rotavirus genome sequences from stool specimens obtained in Nashville, TN, from 2011 to 2013 and globally circulating rotaviruses, we found evidence of multiple introductions of G12 genes...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityComparison of Adjuvanted-Whole Inactivated Virus and Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccines against Challenge with Contemporary, Antigenically Distinct H3N2 Influenza A VirusesDue to the rapid evolution of the influenza A virus, vaccines require continuous strain updates. Additionally, the platform used to deliver the vaccine can have an impact on the breadth of protection. Currently, there are various vaccine platforms available to prevent influenza A virus infection in swine, and we experimentally tested two: adjuvanted-whole inactivated virus and live-attenuated virus. When challenged with an antigenically...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsEngineered Dengue Virus Domain III Proteins Elicit Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Mice- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsAttenuated Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Expressing a Mutant Form of ICP6 Stimulates a Strong Immune Response That Protects Mice against HSV-1-Induced Corneal Disease
HSV-1 is a ubiquitous human pathogen that infects the majority of the world's population. Although most infections are asymptomatic, HSV-1 establishes lifelong latency in infected sensory neurons, from which it can reactivate to cause deadly encephalitis or potentially blinding eye disease. No clinically effective vaccine is available. In this study, we tested the protective potential of a neuroattenuated HSV-1 mutant (KOS-NA) as a...
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsCombination Attenuation Offers Strategy for Live Attenuated Coronavirus Vaccines
Emergent coronaviruses remain a significant threat to global public health and rapid response vaccine platforms are needed to stem future outbreaks. However, failure of many previous CoV vaccine formulations has clearly highlighted the need to test efficacy under different conditions and especially in vulnerable populations such as the aged and immunocompromised. This study illustrates that despite success in young models, the 2′O...
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsCD8 T Cell Responses to an Immunodominant Epitope within the Nonstructural Protein NS1 Provide Wide Immunoprotection against Bluetongue Virus in IFNAR−/− Mice
Conventional vaccines have controlled or limited BTV expansion in the past, but they cannot address the need for cross-protection among serotypes and do not allow distinguishing between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA strategy). There is a need to develop universal vaccines that induce effective protection against multiple BTV serotypes. In this work we have shown the importance of the nonstructural protein NS1, conserved among...
