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SARS-CoV

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    Type I Interferon Susceptibility Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV
    Virus-Cell Interactions | Spotlight
    Type I Interferon Susceptibility Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV

    With the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, differences between SARS-CoV-2 and the original SARS-CoV could be leveraged to inform disease progression and eventual treatment options. In addition, these findings could have key implications for animal model development as well as further research into how SARS-CoV-2 modulates the type I IFN response early during infection.

    Kumari G. Lokugamage, Adam Hage, Maren de Vries, Ana M. Valero-Jimenez, Craig Schindewolf, Meike Dittmann, Ricardo Rajsbaum, Vineet D. Menachery
  • Small-Molecule Antiviral β-<span class="sc">d</span>-<em>N</em><sup>4</sup>-Hydroxycytidine Inhibits a Proofreading-Intact Coronavirus with a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Small-Molecule Antiviral β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine Inhibits a Proofreading-Intact Coronavirus with a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance

    The emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) into human populations from animal reservoirs has demonstrated their epidemic capability, pandemic potential, and ability to cause severe disease. However, no antivirals have been approved to treat these infections. Here, we demonstrate the potent antiviral activity of a broad-spectrum ribonucleoside analogue, β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), against two...

    Maria L. Agostini, Andrea J. Pruijssers, James D. Chappell, Jennifer Gribble, Xiaotao Lu, Erica L. Andres, Gregory R. Bluemling, Mark A. Lockwood, Timothy P. Sheahan, Amy C. Sims, Michael G. Natchus, Manohar Saindane, Alexander A. Kolykhalov, George R. Painter, Ralph S. Baric, Mark R. Denison
  • Peptidoglycan-Associated Cyclic Lipopeptide Disrupts Viral Infectivity
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Peptidoglycan-Associated Cyclic Lipopeptide Disrupts Viral Infectivity

    In this article, we consider a role for bacteria in shaping coronavirus infection. Taking cues from studies of enteric viruses, we initially investigated how bacterial surface components might improve CoV infection. Instead, we found that peptidoglycan-associated surfactin is a potent viricidal compound that disrupts virion integrity with broad activity against enveloped viruses. Our results indicate that interactions with commensal...

    Bryan A. Johnson, Adam Hage, Birte Kalveram, Megan Mears, Jessica A. Plante, Sergio E. Rodriguez, Zhixia Ding, Xuemei Luo, Dennis Bente, Shelton S. Bradrick, Alexander N. Freiberg, Vsevolod Popov, Ricardo Rajsbaum, Shannan Rossi, William K. Russell, Vineet D. Menachery
  • TMPRSS2 Contributes to Virus Spread and Immunopathology in the Airways of Murine Models after Coronavirus Infection
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    TMPRSS2 Contributes to Virus Spread and Immunopathology in the Airways of Murine Models after Coronavirus Infection

    Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against highly pathogenic coronaviruses and other emerging viruses are desirable to enable a rapid response to pandemic threats. Transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), a protease belonging to the type II transmembrane serine protease family, cleaves the coronavirus spike protein, making it a potential therapeutic target for coronavirus infections. Here, we examined the role of TMPRSS2 using animal...

    Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa, Tadashi Okamura, Yukiko Shimizu, Hideki Hasegawa, Makoto Takeda, Noriyo Nagata
  • Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Combination Attenuation Offers Strategy for Live Attenuated Coronavirus Vaccines

    Emergent coronaviruses remain a significant threat to global public health and rapid response vaccine platforms are needed to stem future outbreaks. However, failure of many previous CoV vaccine formulations has clearly highlighted the need to test efficacy under different conditions and especially in vulnerable populations such as the aged and immunocompromised. This study illustrates that despite success in young models, the 2′O...

    Vineet D. Menachery, Lisa E. Gralinski, Hugh D. Mitchell, Kenneth H. Dinnon, Sarah R. Leist, Boyd L. Yount, Eileen T. McAnarney, Rachel L. Graham, Katrina M. Waters, Ralph S. Baric
  • Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Overactive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Leads to Increased Fibrosis after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
    Thiagarajan Venkataraman, Christopher M. Coleman, Matthew B. Frieman
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