RNA virus
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionHigh Permissiveness for Genetic Exchanges between Enteroviruses of Species A, including Enterovirus 71, Favors Evolution through Intertypic Recombination in MadagascarHuman enteroviruses of species A (EV-A), including EV-A71, are the leading cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and may also cause severe neurological manifestations. We investigated the circulation and molecular evolution of EV-A in Madagascar, focusing particularly on the recently described EV-A71 genogroup F. Eight different types, collected mostly in 2011, were identified, highlighting the local circulation and diversity of...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionExisting Host Range Mutations Constrain Further Emergence of RNA VirusesRNA viruses mutate rapidly and frequently expand their host ranges to infect novel hosts, leading to serial host shifts. Using an RNA bacteriophage model system (Pseudomonas phage φ6), we studied the impact of preexisting host range mutations on another host range expansion. Results from both clonal Sanger and Illumina sequencing show that extant host range mutations dramatically narrow the neighborhood of potential host range...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionExtensive Diversity of RNA Viruses in Australian TicksEach year a growing number of individuals along the east coast of Australia experience debilitating disease following tick bites. As there is no evidence for the presence of the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in Australian ticks, the etiological basis of...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionChikungunya Virus Fidelity Variants Exhibit Differential Attenuation and Population Diversity in Cell Culture and Adult MiceCHIKV is a reemerging global health threat that elicits debilitating arthritis in humans. There are currently no commercially available CHIKV vaccines. Like other RNA viruses, CHIKV has a high mutation rate and is capable of rapid intrahost diversification during an infection. In other RNA viruses, virus population diversity associates with disease progression; however, potential impacts of intrahost viral diversity on CHIKV arthritic...
Structure and AssemblyEncapsidation of Viral RNA in Picornavirales: Studies on Cowpea Mosaic Virus Demonstrate Dependence on Viral ReplicationThe mechanism whereby members of the order Picornavirales specifically package their genomic RNAs is poorly understood. Research with monopartite members of the order, such as poliovirus, indicated that packaging is linked to replication, although the presence of “packaging signals” along the length of the viral RNA has also been suggested. Thanks to the bipartite nature of the CPMV genome, which allows the manipulation of RNA-...
Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightNatural Secretory Immunoglobulins Promote Enteric Viral InfectionsEnteric virus, such as norovirus, infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, direct antiviral infection prevention strategies are limited. Blocking host entry and initiation of infection provides an established avenue for intervention. Here, we investigated the role of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-secretory immunoglobulin (sIg) cycle during enteric virus infections. The innate immune...
Structure and AssemblyIn Situ Structures of the Polymerase Complex and RNA Genome Show How Aquareovirus Transcription Machineries Respond to UncoatingViruses in the family Reoviridae are characterized by the ability to endogenously synthesize nascent RNA within the virus. However, the mechanisms for assembling their RNA genomes with transcriptional enzymes into a multilayered virion and for priming such a virion for transcription are poorly understood. By cryo-EM and novel asymmetric reconstruction, we determined...
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsRole of the E2 Hypervariable Region (HVR1) in the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine
- Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionDengue Virus Selectively Annexes Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Translation Machinery as a Strategy for Co-opting Host Cell Protein Synthesis
- Virus-Cell InteractionsUnexpected Functional Divergence of Bat Influenza Virus NS1 Proteins