replication
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression | SpotlightP3N-PIPO Interacts with P3 via the Shared N-Terminal Domain To Recruit Viral Replication Vesicles for Cell-to-Cell MovementPotyviruses include numerous economically important viruses that represent approximately 30% of known plant viruses. However, there is still limited information about the mechanism of potyviral cell-to-cell movement. Here, we show that P3N-PIPO interacts with and recruits CI to the PD via the PIPO domain and interacts with P3 via the shared P3N domain. We further report that the interaction of P3N-PIPO and P3 is associated with 6K2...
Structure and AssemblyConserved Rotavirus NSP5 and VP2 Domains Interact and Affect ViroplasmAlternative treatments to combat rotavirus infection are a requirement for susceptible communities where vaccines cannot be applied. This demand is urgent for newborn infants, immunocompromised patients, adults traveling to high-risk regions, and even for the livestock industry. Aside from structural and physiological divergences among RV species studied before now, all replicate within cytosolic inclusions termed viroplasms. These...
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionThe Connector Domain of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Large Protein Interacts with the Viral PhosphoproteinThis study represents the first functional assignment of the connector domain of a Mononegavirales L protein. Furthermore, this study localizes P polymerase cofactor activity to specific amino acids. The functional necessity of this interaction, combined with the uniqueness of L and P proteins to the order Mononegavirales, makes disruption of the P-connector site a potential target for developing antivirals against...
Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightMutations in the Neuraminidase-Like Protein of Bat Influenza H18N11 Virus Enhance Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells, Mice, and FerretsBats are reservoirs for several severe zoonotic pathogens. The genomes of influenza A viruses of the H17N10 and H18N11 subtypes have been identified in bats, but no live virus has been isolated. The characterization of artificially generated bat influenza H18N11 virus in mammalian cell lines and animal models revealed that this virus can acquire mammal-adapting mutations that may increase its zoonotic potential; however, the wild-type...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityMurine Model for the Study of Influenza D VirusInfluenza D virus (IDV), a new genus of Orthomyxoviridae family, presents a large host range and a worldwide circulation. The pathogenicity of this virus has been studied in the calf model. The mouse model is frequently used to enable a first assessment of a pathogen’s fitness, replication, and pathogenesis for influenza A and B viruses. We showed that DBA/2 mice are a relevant in vivo model for the...
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression | SpotlightThe C Protein Is Recruited to Measles Virus Ribonucleocapsids by the PhosphoproteinReplication of negative-strand RNA viruses relies on two components: a helical ribonucleocapsid and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase composed of a catalytic subunit, the L protein, and a cofactor, the P protein. We show that the measles virus (MeV) C protein is an additional component of the replication complex. We provide evidence that the C protein is recruited to the ribonucleocapsid by the P protein and map the interacting segments...
Virus-Cell InteractionsUSP7-Dependent Regulation of TRAF Activation and Signaling by a Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor HomologueHuman herpesvirus 8-encoded IRF homologues were the first to be identified in a virus. Through inhibitory interactions with cellular IRFs and other mediators of antiviral signaling, the vIRFs are believed to be essential for productive replication and also for latency in particular cell types. The deubiquitinase USP7 is a regulator of key cellular pathways, modulates HHV-8 latent and lytic infection, and is targeted by vIRFs 1, 3, and 4...
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionSurfeit 4 Contributes to the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Using Double-Membrane VesiclesHepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4B protein induces the formation of a membranous web (MW) structure that provides a platform for the assembly of viral replication complexes. The main constituents of the MW are double-membrane vesicles (DMVs). Here, we found that the cellular protein Surf4, which maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartments and the Golgi compartment, is recruited into HCV RNA replication complexes by...
Virus-Cell InteractionsInterviral Recombination between Plant, Insect, and Fungal RNA Viruses: Role of the Intracellular Ca2+/Mn2+ PumpViruses with RNA genomes are abundant, and their genomic sequences show astonishing variation. Genetic recombination in RNA viruses is a major force behind their rapid evolution, enhanced pathogenesis, and adaptation to their hosts. We utilized a previously identified intracellular Ca2+/Mn2+ pump-deficient yeast to search for interviral recombinants. Noninfectious viral replication systems were used to avoid...
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionReplicons of a Rodent Hepatitis C Model Virus Permit Selection of Highly Permissive CellsA vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is crucial for global control of this important pathogen, which induces fatal human liver diseases. Vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of immunocompetent animal models. Discovery of rodent hepacivirus (RHV) enabled establishment of novel surrogate animal models. These allow robust infection and reverse genetic and immunization studies of laboratory animals, which develop HCV-like...