reassortment
Virus-Cell InteractionsNoncanonical Cell Death Induction by Reassortant ReovirusTNBC is unresponsive to hormone therapies, leaving patients afflicted with this disease with limited treatment options. We previously engineered an oncolytic reovirus (r2Reovirus) with enhanced infective and cytotoxic properties in TNBC cells. However, how r2Reovirus promotes TNBC cell death is not known. In this study, we show that reassortant r2Reovirus can promote nonconventional caspase-dependent but caspase 3-independent cell death...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionGenetic Characterization of Influenza A Viruses in Japanese Swine in 2015 to 2019Understanding the current status of influenza A viruses of swine (IAVs-S) and their evolution at the farm level is important for controlling these pathogens. Efforts to monitor IAVs-S during 2015 to 2019 yielded H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses. H1 genes in Japanese swine formed a unique clade in the classical swine H1 lineage of 1A.1, and H3 genes originating from 1999–2000 human seasonal influenza viruses appear to have become established...
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightDiscrete Virus Factories Form in the Cytoplasm of Cells Coinfected with Two Replication-Competent Tagged Reporter Birnaviruses That Subsequently Coalesce over TimeReassortment is common in viruses with segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes. However, these viruses typically replicate within discrete cytoplasmic virus factories (VFs) that may represent a barrier to genome mixing. We generated the first replication competent tagged reporter birnaviruses, infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) containing a split GFP11 or tetracysteine (TC) tag and used the viruses to track the location and...
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionGeneration of Infectious Recombinant Human Rotaviruses from Just 11 Cloned cDNAs Encoding the Rotavirus GenomeHuman group A rotavirus (HuRVA) is a leading pathogen causing severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. In this paper, we describe the generation of recombinant HuRVA (strain KU) from only 11 cloned cDNAs encoding the HuRVA genome by reverse genetics. The growth properties of the recombinant HuRVA were similar to those of the parental RVA, providing a powerful tool for better understanding of HuRVA replication and pathogenesis....
Structure and AssemblyComponents of the Reovirus Capsid Differentially Contribute to StabilityNonenveloped and enveloped viruses are exposed to the environment during transmission to a new host. Protein-protein and/or protein-lipid interactions stabilize the particle and protect the viral genome. Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is composed of two concentric, protein shells. The μ1 and σ3 proteins form the outer capsid; contacts between neighboring subunits are thought to confer resistance to inactivating agents. We further...
Structure and AssemblyProtein Mismatches Caused by Reassortment Influence Functions of the Reovirus CapsidCells coinfected with viruses that possess a multipartite or segmented genome reassort to produce progeny viruses that contain a combination of gene segments from each parent. Reassortment places new pairs of genes together, generating viruses in which mismatched proteins must function together. To test if such forced pairing of proteins that form the virus shell or capsid alters the function of the particle, we investigated properties...
- Genetic Diversity and EvolutionDivergent Human-Origin Influenza Viruses Detected in Australian Swine Populations
We describe the evolutionary origins and antigenic properties of influenza A viruses isolated from two separate Australian swine populations from 2012 to 2016, showing that these viruses are distinct from each other and from those isolated from swine globally. Whole-genome sequencing of virus isolates revealed a high genotypic diversity that had been generated exclusively through the introduction and establishment of human influenza...
- Genetic Diversity and Evolution | SpotlightInfluenza A Virus Reassortment Is Limited by Anatomical Compartmentalization following Coinfection via Distinct Routes
