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pseudorabies virus

  • Swine Promyelocytic Leukemia Isoform II Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Infection by Suppressing Viral Gene Transcription in Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies
    Cellular Response to Infection
    Swine Promyelocytic Leukemia Isoform II Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Infection by Suppressing Viral Gene Transcription in Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies

    PML-NBs are nuclear sites that mediate the antiviral restriction of alphaherpesvirus gene expression and replication. However, the contribution of each PML isoform to this activity of PML-NBs is not well characterized. Using PRV and its natural host swine cells as a system, we have discovered that the unique C terminus of sPML isoform II is required for PML-NBs to inhibit PRV infection by directly engaging in repression of viral gene...

    Cuilian Yu, Aotian Xu, Yue Lang, Chao Qin, Mengdong Wang, Xiufang Yuan, Shengfu Sun, Wenhai Feng, Chao Gao, Jinwen Chen, Rui Zhang, Jun Tang
  • Open Access
    Exocytosis of Progeny Infectious Varicella-Zoster Virus Particles via a Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor Pathway without Xenophagy following Secondary Envelopment
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Exocytosis of Progeny Infectious Varicella-Zoster Virus Particles via a Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor Pathway without Xenophagy following Secondary Envelopment

    The long-term goal of this research has been to determine why VZV, when grown in cultured cells, invariably is more cell associated and has a lower titer than other alphaherpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) or pseudorabies virus (PRV). Data from both HSV1 and PRV laboratories have identified a Rab6 secretory pathway for the transport of single enveloped viral particles from the trans-Golgi network within small...

    James H. Girsch, Wallen Jackson, John E. Carpenter, Thomas O. Moninger, Keith W. Jarosinski, Charles Grose
  • Pseudorabies Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells Leads to Persistent but Aberrant Activation of the NF-κB Pathway, Inhibiting Hallmark NF-κB-Induced Proinflammatory Gene Expression
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Pseudorabies Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells Leads to Persistent but Aberrant Activation of the NF-κB Pathway, Inhibiting Hallmark NF-κB-Induced Proinflammatory Gene Expression

    The NF-κB transcription factor is activated via different key inflammatory pathways and typically results in the fast expression of several proinflammatory genes as well as negative feedback loop genes to prevent excessive inflammation. In the current report, we describe that infection of cells with the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) triggers a gradual and persistent aberrant activation of NF-κB, which does not result...

    Nicolás Romero, Cliff Van Waesberghe, Herman W. Favoreel
  • Pseudorabies Virus Infection Accelerates Degradation of the Kinesin-3 Motor KIF1A
    Virus-Cell Interactions | Spotlight
    Pseudorabies Virus Infection Accelerates Degradation of the Kinesin-3 Motor KIF1A

    Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus related to human pathogens herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus. Alphaherpesviruses are neuroinvasive pathogens that establish lifelong latent infections in the host peripheral nervous system (PNS). Following reactivation from latency, infection spreads from the PNS back via axons to the peripheral mucosal tissues, a process mediated by kinesin motors. Here, we unveil...

    Hao Huang, Orkide O. Koyuncu, Lynn W. Enquist
  • Mutational Functional Analysis of the Pseudorabies Virus Nuclear Egress Complex-Nucleocapsid Interaction
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Mutational Functional Analysis of the Pseudorabies Virus Nuclear Egress Complex-Nucleocapsid Interaction

    Herpesviruses encode an exceptional vesicle formation and scission machinery, which operates at the inner nuclear membrane, translocating the viral nucleocapsid from the nucleus into the perinuclear space. The conserved herpesviral nuclear egress complex (NEC) orchestrates this process. High-resolution imaging approaches as well as the recently solved crystal structures of the NEC provided deep insight into the molecular details of...

    Sebastian Rönfeldt, Kati Franzke, Julia E. Hölper, Barbara G. Klupp, Thomas C. Mettenleiter
  • Roles of the Different Isoforms of the Pseudorabies Virus Protein Kinase pUS3 in Nuclear Egress
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Roles of the Different Isoforms of the Pseudorabies Virus Protein Kinase pUS3 in Nuclear Egress

    A plethora of substrates and functions have been assigned to the alphaherpesviral pUS3 kinase, including a role in nuclear egress. In PrV, two different pUS3 isoforms are expressed, which differ in size, abundance, and intracellular localization. Their respective role in replication is unknown, however. Here, we show that efficient nuclear egress of PrV requires the smaller isoform and intact kinase activity, whereas absence of the...

    Julia Sehl, Sandy Pörtner, Barbara G. Klupp, Harald Granzow, Kati Franzke, Jens P. Teifke, Thomas C. Mettenleiter
  • Expression of the Pseudorabies Virus gB Glycoprotein Triggers NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Increases Binding of the Activating NK Cell Receptor PILRβ
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Expression of the Pseudorabies Virus gB Glycoprotein Triggers NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Increases Binding of the Activating NK Cell Receptor PILRβ

    Natural killer (NK) cells display a prominent cytolytic activity against virus-infected cells and are indispensable in the innate antiviral response, particularly against herpesviruses. Despite their importance in the control of alphaherpesvirus infections, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that trigger NK cell cytotoxicity against alphaherpesvirus-infected cells. Here, using the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus...

    Steffi De Pelsmaeker, Evelien Dierick, Barbara Klupp, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Claudia Cantoni, Massimo Vitale, Herman W. Favoreel
  • The Carboxyl Terminus of Tegument Protein pUL21 Contributes to Pseudorabies Virus Neuroinvasion
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    The Carboxyl Terminus of Tegument Protein pUL21 Contributes to Pseudorabies Virus Neuroinvasion

    Herpesviruses are a group of DNA viruses that infect both humans and animals. Alphaherpesviruses are distinguished by their ability to establish latent infection in peripheral neurons. After entering neurons, the herpesvirus capsid interacts with cellular motor proteins and undergoes retrograde transport on axon microtubules. This elaborate process is vital to the herpesvirus lifecycle, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly...

    Kai Yan, Jie Liu, Xiang Guan, Yi-Xin Yin, Hui Peng, Huan-Chun Chen, Zheng-Fei Liu
  • Role of Sphingomyelin in Alphaherpesvirus Entry
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Role of Sphingomyelin in Alphaherpesvirus Entry

    Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an ubiquitous pathogen affecting cattle populations worldwide. Infection can result in complicated, polymicrobial infections due to the immunosuppressive properties of the virus. Available vaccines limit disease severity and spread but do not prevent infection. The financial and animal welfare ramifications of BoHV-1 are significant. In order to develop more effective prevention and treatment regimens, a...

    Gabrielle Pastenkos, Jonathan L. Miller, Suzanne M. Pritchard, Anthony V. Nicola
  • Low-pH Endocytic Entry of the Porcine Alphaherpesvirus Pseudorabies Virus
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Low-pH Endocytic Entry of the Porcine Alphaherpesvirus Pseudorabies Virus

    PRV is a pathogen of great economic and animal welfare importance in many parts of the world. PRV causes neurological, respiratory, and reproductive disorders, often resulting in mortality of young and immunocompromised animals. Mortality, decreased production, and trade restrictions result in significant financial losses for the agricultural industry. Understanding the molecular mechanisms utilized by PRV to enter host cells is an...

    Jonathan L. Miller, Darin J. Weed, Becky H. Lee, Suzanne M. Pritchard, Anthony V. Nicola

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