polyomavirus
Virus-Cell InteractionsGRK2 Mediates β-Arrestin Interactions with 5-HT2 Receptors for JC Polyomavirus EndocytosisAs intracellular parasites, viruses require a host cell to replicate and cause disease. Therefore, virus-host interactions contribute to viral pathogenesis.
Virus-Cell InteractionsSingle-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals a Heterogeneous Cellular Response to BK Virus InfectionThe outcome of viral infection is determined by the ability of the virus to redirect cellular systems toward progeny production countered by the ability of the cell to block these viral actions. Thus, an infected culture consists of thousands of cells, each fighting its own individual battle.
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression | SpotlightControl of Archetype BK Polyomavirus MicroRNA ExpressionThe BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) miRNA plays an important role in regulating viral large-T-antigen expression and limiting the replication of archetype BKPyV, suggesting that the miRNA regulates BKPyV persistence. However, how miRNA expression is regulated is poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that the miRNA is expressed from an intron that is generated by RNA polymerase II transcribing the circular viral genome more than once. We...
Structure and Assembly | SpotlightStructure of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Capsid and Interaction with Its Glycosaminoglycan Attachment ReceptorThe MCPyV genome was found to be clonally integrated in 80% of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare but aggressive form of human skin cancer, strongly suggesting that this virus is tumorigenic. In the metastasizing state, the course of the disease is often fatal, especially in immunocompromised individuals, as reflected by the high mortality rate of 33 to 46% and the low 5-year survival rate (<45%). The high seroprevalence of...
Transformation and OncogenesisPolyomavirus Small T Antigen Induces Apoptosis in Mammalian Cells through the UNC5B Pathway in a PP2A-Dependent MannerUNC5B, PP2A, and netrin-1 are deregulated in a variety of cancers. UNC5B and PP2A are regarded as tumor suppressors, as they promote apoptosis and are deleted or mutated in many cancers. In contrast, netrin-1 promotes survival by inhibiting dependence receptors, including UNC5B, and is upregulated in many cancers. Here, we show that UNC5B-mediated apoptosis can occur independently of p53 but in a PP2A-dependent manner. A substantial...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionExtensive Genetic Diversity of Polyomaviruses in Sympatric Bat Communities: Host Switching versus CoevolutionSince the discovery of murine polyomavirus in the 1950s, polyomaviruses (PyVs) have been considered highly host restricted in mammals. Sympatric bat communities commonly contain several different bat species in an ecological niche facilitating viral transmission, and they therefore represent a model to identify host-switching events of PyVs. In this study, we screened PyVs in a large number of bats in sympatric communities from diverse...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityCD8 T Cells and STAT1 Signaling Are Essential Codeterminants in Protection from Polyomavirus EncephalopathyA comprehensive understanding of JCPyV-induced PML pathogenesis is needed to define determinants that predispose patients to PML, a goal whose urgency is heightened by the lack of anti-JCPyV agents. A handicap to achieving this goal is the lack of a tractable animal model to study PML pathogenesis. Using intracerebral inoculation with MuPyV, we found that MuPyV encephalitis in wild-type mice causes an encephalopathy, which is markedly...
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightBK Polyomavirus Hijacks Extracellular Vesicles for En Bloc TransmissionReactivation of BKPyV is responsible for nephropathies in kidney transplant recipients, which frequently lead to graft loss. The mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion used by this virus remain poorly understood, and a therapeutic option for transplant patients is still lacking. Here, we show that BKPyV can be released into EVs, enabling viral particles to infect cells using an alternative entry pathway. This provides a new view...
Virus-Cell InteractionsJC Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Delayed Progression of the Infectious Cycle in Normal Human AstrocytesAnimal models are crucial in advancing biomedical research and defining the pathogenesis of human disease. Unfortunately, not all diseases can be easily modeled in a nonhuman host or such models are cost prohibitive to generate, including models for the human-specific virus JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). JCPyV infects most of the population but can cause a rare, fatal disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There have been...
Virus-Cell InteractionsTemporal Proteomic Analysis of BK Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Virus-Induced G2 Arrest and Highly Effective Evasion of Innate Immune SensingBK polyomavirus can cause serious problems in immune-suppressed patients, in particular, kidney transplant recipients who can develop polyomavirus-associated kidney disease. In this work, we have used advanced proteomics techniques to determine the changes to protein expression caused by infection of two independent primary cell types of the human urinary tract (kidney and bladder) throughout the replication cycle of this virus. Our...