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polyomavirus

  • Control of Archetype BK Polyomavirus MicroRNA Expression
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression | Spotlight
    Control of Archetype BK Polyomavirus MicroRNA Expression

    The BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) miRNA plays an important role in regulating viral large-T-antigen expression and limiting the replication of archetype BKPyV, suggesting that the miRNA regulates BKPyV persistence. However, how miRNA expression is regulated is poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that the miRNA is expressed from an intron that is generated by RNA polymerase II transcribing the circular viral genome more than once. We...

    Wei Zou, Gau Shoua Vue, Benedetta Assetta, Heather Manza, Walter J. Atwood, Michael J. Imperiale
  • Open Access
    Structure of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Capsid and Interaction with Its Glycosaminoglycan Attachment Receptor
    Structure and Assembly | Spotlight
    Structure of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Capsid and Interaction with Its Glycosaminoglycan Attachment Receptor

    The MCPyV genome was found to be clonally integrated in 80% of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare but aggressive form of human skin cancer, strongly suggesting that this virus is tumorigenic. In the metastasizing state, the course of the disease is often fatal, especially in immunocompromised individuals, as reflected by the high mortality rate of 33 to 46% and the low 5-year survival rate (<45%). The high seroprevalence of...

    Niklas J. Bayer, Dovile Januliene, Georg Zocher, Thilo Stehle, Arne Moeller, Bärbel S. Blaum
  • Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Induces Apoptosis in Mammalian Cells through the UNC5B Pathway in a PP2A-Dependent Manner
    Transformation and Oncogenesis
    Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Induces Apoptosis in Mammalian Cells through the UNC5B Pathway in a PP2A-Dependent Manner

    UNC5B, PP2A, and netrin-1 are deregulated in a variety of cancers. UNC5B and PP2A are regarded as tumor suppressors, as they promote apoptosis and are deleted or mutated in many cancers. In contrast, netrin-1 promotes survival by inhibiting dependence receptors, including UNC5B, and is upregulated in many cancers. Here, we show that UNC5B-mediated apoptosis can occur independently of p53 but in a PP2A-dependent manner. A substantial...

    Sameer Ahmed Bhat, Zarka Sarwar, Syed Qaaifah Gillani, Misbah Un Nisa, Irfana Reshi, Nusrat Nabi, Shaozhen Xie, Khalid M. Fazili, Thomas M. Roberts, Shaida Andrabi
  • Extensive Genetic Diversity of Polyomaviruses in Sympatric Bat Communities: Host Switching versus Coevolution
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Extensive Genetic Diversity of Polyomaviruses in Sympatric Bat Communities: Host Switching versus Coevolution

    Since the discovery of murine polyomavirus in the 1950s, polyomaviruses (PyVs) have been considered highly host restricted in mammals. Sympatric bat communities commonly contain several different bat species in an ecological niche facilitating viral transmission, and they therefore represent a model to identify host-switching events of PyVs. In this study, we screened PyVs in a large number of bats in sympatric communities from diverse...

    Zhizhou Tan, Gabriel Gonzalez, Jinliang Sheng, Jianmin Wu, Fuqiang Zhang, Lin Xu, Peisheng Zhang, Aiwei Zhu, Yonggang Qu, Changchun Tu, Michael J. Carr, Biao He
  • CD8 T Cells and STAT1 Signaling Are Essential Codeterminants in Protection from Polyomavirus Encephalopathy
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    CD8 T Cells and STAT1 Signaling Are Essential Codeterminants in Protection from Polyomavirus Encephalopathy

    A comprehensive understanding of JCPyV-induced PML pathogenesis is needed to define determinants that predispose patients to PML, a goal whose urgency is heightened by the lack of anti-JCPyV agents. A handicap to achieving this goal is the lack of a tractable animal model to study PML pathogenesis. Using intracerebral inoculation with MuPyV, we found that MuPyV encephalitis in wild-type mice causes an encephalopathy, which is markedly...

    Taryn E. Mockus, Colleen S. Netherby-Winslow, Hannah M. Atkins, Matthew D. Lauver, Ge Jin, Heather M. Ren, Aron E. Lukacher
  • Open Access
    BK Polyomavirus Hijacks Extracellular Vesicles for <em>En Bloc</em> Transmission
    Virus-Cell Interactions | Spotlight
    BK Polyomavirus Hijacks Extracellular Vesicles for En Bloc Transmission

    Reactivation of BKPyV is responsible for nephropathies in kidney transplant recipients, which frequently lead to graft loss. The mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion used by this virus remain poorly understood, and a therapeutic option for transplant patients is still lacking. Here, we show that BKPyV can be released into EVs, enabling viral particles to infect cells using an alternative entry pathway. This provides a new view...

    Lynda Handala, Emmanuelle Blanchard, Pierre-Ivan Raynal, Philippe Roingeard, Virginie Morel, Véronique Descamps, Sandrine Castelain, Catherine Francois, Gilles Duverlie, Etienne Brochot, Francois Helle
  • JC Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Delayed Progression of the Infectious Cycle in Normal Human Astrocytes
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    JC Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Delayed Progression of the Infectious Cycle in Normal Human Astrocytes

    Animal models are crucial in advancing biomedical research and defining the pathogenesis of human disease. Unfortunately, not all diseases can be easily modeled in a nonhuman host or such models are cost prohibitive to generate, including models for the human-specific virus JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). JCPyV infects most of the population but can cause a rare, fatal disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There have been...

    Michael P. Wilczek, Jeanne K. DuShane, Francesca J. Armstrong, Melissa S. Maginnis
  • Open Access
    Temporal Proteomic Analysis of BK Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Virus-Induced G<sub>2</sub> Arrest and Highly Effective Evasion of Innate Immune Sensing
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Temporal Proteomic Analysis of BK Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Virus-Induced G2 Arrest and Highly Effective Evasion of Innate Immune Sensing

    BK polyomavirus can cause serious problems in immune-suppressed patients, in particular, kidney transplant recipients who can develop polyomavirus-associated kidney disease. In this work, we have used advanced proteomics techniques to determine the changes to protein expression caused by infection of two independent primary cell types of the human urinary tract (kidney and bladder) throughout the replication cycle of this virus. Our...

    Laura G. Caller, Colin T. R. Davies, Robin Antrobus, Paul J. Lehner, Michael P. Weekes, Colin M. Crump
  • Infectious Entry of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
    Virus-Cell Interactions | Spotlight
    Infectious Entry of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus

    MCPyV is the first polyomavirus directly implicated in the development of an aggressive human cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Although MCPyV is constantly shed from healthy skin, the MCC incidence increases among aging and immunocompromised individuals. To date, the events connecting initial MCPyV infection and subsequent transformation still remain elusive. MCPyV differs from other known polyomaviruses concerning its cell tropism...

    Miriam Becker, Melissa Dominguez, Lilo Greune, Laura Soria-Martinez, Moritz M. Pfleiderer, Rachel Schowalter, Christopher B. Buck, Bärbel S. Blaum, M. Alexander Schmidt, Mario Schelhaas
  • Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    The Murine Polyomavirus MicroRNA Locus Is Required To Promote Viruria during the Acute Phase of Infection

    MicroRNAs are expressed by diverse viruses, but for only a few is there any understanding of their in vivo function. PyVs can cause serious disease in immunocompromised hosts. Therefore, increased knowledge of how these viruses interact with the immune response is of clinical relevance. Here we show a novel activity for a viral miRNA locus in promoting virus shedding. This work indicates that in addition to any role for the PyV...

    James M. Burke, Clovis R. Bass, Rodney P. Kincaid, Emin T. Ulug, Christopher S. Sullivan

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