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poliovirus

  • An Extended Primer Grip of Picornavirus Polymerase Facilitates Sexual RNA Replication Mechanisms
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    An Extended Primer Grip of Picornavirus Polymerase Facilitates Sexual RNA Replication Mechanisms

    Picornaviruses have both asexual and sexual RNA replication mechanisms. Sexual RNA replication shapes picornavirus species groups, contributes to the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses, and counteracts error catastrophe. Can viruses distinguish between homologous and nonhomologous partners during sexual RNA replication? We implicate an extended primer grip of the viral polymerase in sexual RNA replication mechanisms. By sensing...

    Brian J. Kempf, Colleen L. Watkins, Olve B. Peersen, David J. Barton
  • Use of a Glycan Library Reveals a New Model for Enteric Virus Oligosaccharide Binding and Virion Stabilization
    Structure and Assembly
    Use of a Glycan Library Reveals a New Model for Enteric Virus Oligosaccharide Binding and Virion Stabilization

    Enteric viruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, but how enteric viruses survive in the environment is unclear. Previously, we found that bacterial polysaccharides enhance poliovirus stability against heat or bleach inactivation, but the specific molecular requirements have been unknown. Here, we showed that certain short-chain oligosaccharides can bind to poliovirus but do not increase virion stability. Long-chain...

    Hua Lu, Mark A. Lehrman, Julie K. Pfeiffer
  • Surfeit 4 Contributes to the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Using Double-Membrane Vesicles
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    Surfeit 4 Contributes to the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Using Double-Membrane Vesicles

    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4B protein induces the formation of a membranous web (MW) structure that provides a platform for the assembly of viral replication complexes. The main constituents of the MW are double-membrane vesicles (DMVs). Here, we found that the cellular protein Surf4, which maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartments and the Golgi compartment, is recruited into HCV RNA replication complexes by...

    Lingbao Kong, Haruyo Aoyagi, Zibing Yang, Tao Ouyang, Mami Matsuda, Akira Fujimoto, Koichi Watashi, Ryosuke Suzuki, Minetaro Arita, Satoshi Yamagoe, Naoshi Dohmae, Takehiro Suzuki, Tetsuro Suzuki, Masamichi Muramatsu, Takaji Wakita, Hideki Aizaki
  • Related Enteric Viruses Have Different Requirements for Host Microbiota in Mice
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Related Enteric Viruses Have Different Requirements for Host Microbiota in Mice

    Recent data indicate that intestinal bacteria promote intestinal infection of several enteric viruses. Here, we show that coxsackievirus, an enteric virus in the picornavirus family, also relies on microbiota for intestinal replication and pathogenesis. Relatively minor depletion of the microbiota was sufficient to decrease coxsackievirus infection, while poliovirus infection was unaffected. Surprisingly, a single dose of one antibiotic...

    Christopher M. Robinson, Mikal A. Woods Acevedo, Broc T. McCune, Julie K. Pfeiffer
  • Free
    Picornaviruses and RNA Metabolism: Local and Global Effects of Infection
    Gem
    Picornaviruses and RNA Metabolism: Local and Global Effects of Infection

    Due to the limiting coding capacity for members of the Picornaviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses, their successful replication cycles require complex interactions with host cell functions.

    Autumn C. Holmes, Bert L. Semler
  • A Redundant Mechanism of Recruitment Underlies the Remarkable Plasticity of the Requirement of Poliovirus Replication for the Cellular ArfGEF GBF1
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    A Redundant Mechanism of Recruitment Underlies the Remarkable Plasticity of the Requirement of Poliovirus Replication for the Cellular ArfGEF GBF1

    Enteroviruses are a vast group of viruses associated with diverse human diseases, but only two of them could be controlled with vaccines, and effective antiviral therapeutics are lacking. Here, we investigated in detail the contribution of a cellular protein, GBF1, in the replication of poliovirus, a representative enterovirus. GBF1 supports the functioning of cellular membrane metabolism and is recruited to viral replication complexes...

    Ekaterina G. Viktorova, Samuel Gabaglio, Justyna M. Meissner, Eunjoo Lee, Seyedehmahsa Moghimi, Elizabeth Sztul, George A. Belov
  • Identification and Characterization of a Poliovirus Capsid Mutant with Enhanced Thermal Stability
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution | Spotlight
    Identification and Characterization of a Poliovirus Capsid Mutant with Enhanced Thermal Stability

    Viruses spread by the fecal-oral route need to maintain viability in the environment to ensure transmission. Previous work indicated that bacteria and bacterial surface polysaccharides can stabilize viral particles and enhance transmission. To explore factors that influence viral particle stability, we isolated a mutant poliovirus that is heat resistant. This mutant virus does not require feces for stability at most temperatures but can...

    Y Nguyen, Palmy R. Jesudhasan, Elizabeth R. Aguilera, Julie K. Pfeiffer
  • Open Access
    Involvement of a Nonstructural Protein in Poliovirus Capsid Assembly
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Involvement of a Nonstructural Protein in Poliovirus Capsid Assembly

    RNA viruses, including poliovirus, evolve rapidly due to the error-prone nature of the polymerase enzymes involved in genome replication. Fixation of advantageous mutations may require the acquisition of complementary mutations which can act in concert to achieve a favorable phenotype. This study highlights a compensatory role of a nonstructural regulatory protein, 2Apro, for an otherwise lethal mutation of the structural VP1...

    Oluwapelumi O. Adeyemi, Lee Sherry, Joseph C. Ward, Danielle M. Pierce, Morgan R. Herod, David J. Rowlands, Nicola J. Stonehouse
  • Engineered Oncolytic Poliovirus PVSRIPO Subverts MDA5-Dependent Innate Immune Responses in Cancer Cells
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Engineered Oncolytic Poliovirus PVSRIPO Subverts MDA5-Dependent Innate Immune Responses in Cancer Cells
    Ross W. Walton, Michael C. Brown, Matthew T. Sacco, Matthias Gromeier
  • Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Newcastle Disease Virus-Based Vectored Vaccine against Poliomyelitis

    A new, safe, and effective vaccine against poliovirus is urgently needed not only to complete the eradication of the virus but also to be used in the future to prevent possible virus reemergence in a postpolio world. Currently, new formulations of the oral vaccine, as well as improvements to the inactivated vaccine, are being explored. In this study, we designed a viral vector with mucosal tropism that expresses poliovirus capsid...

    Ekaterina G. Viktorova, Sunil K. Khattar, Diana Kouiavskaia, Majid Laassri, Tatiana Zagorodnyaya, Eugenia Dragunsky, Siba Samal, Konstantin Chumakov, George A. Belov

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