poliovirus
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionAn Extended Primer Grip of Picornavirus Polymerase Facilitates Sexual RNA Replication MechanismsPicornaviruses have both asexual and sexual RNA replication mechanisms. Sexual RNA replication shapes picornavirus species groups, contributes to the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses, and counteracts error catastrophe. Can viruses distinguish between homologous and nonhomologous partners during sexual RNA replication? We implicate an extended primer grip of the viral polymerase in sexual RNA replication mechanisms. By sensing...
Structure and AssemblyUse of a Glycan Library Reveals a New Model for Enteric Virus Oligosaccharide Binding and Virion StabilizationEnteric viruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, but how enteric viruses survive in the environment is unclear. Previously, we found that bacterial polysaccharides enhance poliovirus stability against heat or bleach inactivation, but the specific molecular requirements have been unknown. Here, we showed that certain short-chain oligosaccharides can bind to poliovirus but do not increase virion stability. Long-chain...
Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionSurfeit 4 Contributes to the Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Using Double-Membrane VesiclesHepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4B protein induces the formation of a membranous web (MW) structure that provides a platform for the assembly of viral replication complexes. The main constituents of the MW are double-membrane vesicles (DMVs). Here, we found that the cellular protein Surf4, which maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartments and the Golgi compartment, is recruited into HCV RNA replication complexes by...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityRelated Enteric Viruses Have Different Requirements for Host Microbiota in MiceRecent data indicate that intestinal bacteria promote intestinal infection of several enteric viruses. Here, we show that coxsackievirus, an enteric virus in the picornavirus family, also relies on microbiota for intestinal replication and pathogenesis. Relatively minor depletion of the microbiota was sufficient to decrease coxsackievirus infection, while poliovirus infection was unaffected. Surprisingly, a single dose of one antibiotic...
GemPicornaviruses and RNA Metabolism: Local and Global Effects of InfectionDue to the limiting coding capacity for members of the Picornaviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses, their successful replication cycles require complex interactions with host cell functions.
Virus-Cell InteractionsA Redundant Mechanism of Recruitment Underlies the Remarkable Plasticity of the Requirement of Poliovirus Replication for the Cellular ArfGEF GBF1Enteroviruses are a vast group of viruses associated with diverse human diseases, but only two of them could be controlled with vaccines, and effective antiviral therapeutics are lacking. Here, we investigated in detail the contribution of a cellular protein, GBF1, in the replication of poliovirus, a representative enterovirus. GBF1 supports the functioning of cellular membrane metabolism and is recruited to viral replication complexes...
Genetic Diversity and Evolution | SpotlightIdentification and Characterization of a Poliovirus Capsid Mutant with Enhanced Thermal StabilityViruses spread by the fecal-oral route need to maintain viability in the environment to ensure transmission. Previous work indicated that bacteria and bacterial surface polysaccharides can stabilize viral particles and enhance transmission. To explore factors that influence viral particle stability, we isolated a mutant poliovirus that is heat resistant. This mutant virus does not require feces for stability at most temperatures but can...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionInvolvement of a Nonstructural Protein in Poliovirus Capsid AssemblyRNA viruses, including poliovirus, evolve rapidly due to the error-prone nature of the polymerase enzymes involved in genome replication. Fixation of advantageous mutations may require the acquisition of complementary mutations which can act in concert to achieve a favorable phenotype. This study highlights a compensatory role of a nonstructural regulatory protein, 2Apro, for an otherwise lethal mutation of the structural VP1...
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsNewcastle Disease Virus-Based Vectored Vaccine against Poliomyelitis
A new, safe, and effective vaccine against poliovirus is urgently needed not only to complete the eradication of the virus but also to be used in the future to prevent possible virus reemergence in a postpolio world. Currently, new formulations of the oral vaccine, as well as improvements to the inactivated vaccine, are being explored. In this study, we designed a viral vector with mucosal tropism that expresses poliovirus capsid...
