natural killer cells
- Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightChronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Infection Causes Susceptibility to Mousepox and Impairs Natural Killer Cell Maturation and Function
Infection of adult mice with the clone 13 (CL13) strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is extensively used as a model of chronic infection. In this paper, we show that mice chronically infected with CL13 succumb to challenge with ectromelia virus (ECTV; the agent of mousepox) and that natural killer (NK) cells in CL13-infected mice are reduced in numbers and have an immature and partially activated phenotype but do respond...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityFunctional Perturbation of Mucosal Group 3 Innate Lymphoid and Natural Killer Cells in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Infant Rhesus Macaques
Vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child accounts for many of the new cases seen worldwide. There is currently no vaccine to mitigate this transmission, and there has been limited research on the effects that lentiviral infection has on the innate immune system in oral tissues of infected children. To fill this knowledge gap, our laboratory studied infant rhesus macaques to evaluate how acute SIV/SHIV infections impacted ILC3...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityMouse Cytomegalovirus m153 Protein Stabilizes Expression of the Inhibitory NKR-P1B Ligand Clr-b
Cytomegaloviruses are betaherpesviruses that in immunocompromised individuals can lead to severe pathologies. These viruses encode various gene products that serve to evade innate immune recognition. NK cells are among the first immune cells that respond to CMV infection and use germ line-encoded NK cell receptors (NKR) to distinguish healthy from virus-infected cells. One such axis that plays a critical role in NK recognition involves...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunitySimian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Modulates CD94+ (KLRD1+) NK Cells in Rhesus Macaques
Nonhuman primates play a crucial role in approximating human biology and many diseases that are difficult, if not impossible, to achieve in other animal models, notably HIV. Current advances in adaptive NK cell research positions us to address fundamental deficiencies in our fight against infection and disease at the earliest moments after infection or substantially earlier in disease progression. We show here that we can identify...
- Cellular Response to InfectionPersistent Replication of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and HBV Results in Distinct Gene Expression Profiles by Human NK Cells
Three viruses exist that can result in persistently high viral loads in immunocompetent humans: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus. In the last decades, by using flow cytometry and in vitro assays on NK cells from patients with these types of infections, several impairments have been established, particularly during and possibly contributing to HIV viremia. However, the background of NK...
- Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightIdentification of NK Cell Subpopulations That Differentiate HIV-Infected Subject Cohorts with Diverse Levels of Virus Control
HIV infection results in the establishment of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells; ART is usually required to keep viral replication under control and disease progression at bay, though a small subset of HIV-infected subjects can control HIV infection without ART through immunological mechanisms. In this study, we sought to identify subpopulations of NK cells that may be involved in the natural immunological control of HIV...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityExpression of the Pseudorabies Virus gB Glycoprotein Triggers NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Increases Binding of the Activating NK Cell Receptor PILRβ
Natural killer (NK) cells display a prominent cytolytic activity against virus-infected cells and are indispensable in the innate antiviral response, particularly against herpesviruses. Despite their importance in the control of alphaherpesvirus infections, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that trigger NK cell cytotoxicity against alphaherpesvirus-infected cells. Here, using the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus...
- Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightCD4 T Cells, CD8 T Cells, and Monocytes Coordinate To Prevent Rift Valley Fever Virus Encephalitis
RVFV is found in Africa and the Middle East and is transmitted by mosquitos or through contact with infected animals. Infected individuals can develop mild disease or more severe forms, such as hepatitis or encephalitis. In order to understand why some individuals develop encephalitis, we first need to know which immune functions protect those who do not develop this form of disease. In this study, we used a mouse model of RVFV...
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsInterleukin-15-Stimulated Natural Killer Cells Clear HIV-1-Infected Cells following Latency Reversal Ex Vivo
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityContribution of NK Cell Education to both Direct and Anti-HIV-1 Antibody-Dependent NK Cell Functions