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Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightLymphatic Type 1 Interferon Responses Are Critical for Control of Systemic Reovirus DisseminationType 1 interferons (IFN-1) are critical host responses to viral infection. However, the contribution of IFN-1 responses to control of viruses in specific cell and tissue types is not fully defined.
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsComputationally Optimized Broadly Reactive H2 HA Influenza Vaccines Elicited Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies and Protected Mice from Viral ChallengesH2N2 influenza has caused at least one pandemic in the past. Given that individuals born after 1968 have not been exposed to H2N2 influenza viruses, a future pandemic caused by H2 influenza is likely. An effective H2 influenza vaccine would need to elicit broadly cross-reactive antibodies to multiple H2 influenza viruses. Choosing a wild-type virus to create a vaccine may elicit a narrow immune response and not protect against multiple...
Genetic Diversity and Evolution | SpotlightTwo Sides of a Coin: a Zika Virus Mutation Selected in Pregnant Rhesus Macaques Promotes Fetal Infection in Mice but at a Cost of Reduced Fitness in Nonpregnant Macaques and Diminished Transmissibility by VectorsAlthough Zika virus infection of pregnant women can result in congenital Zika syndrome, the factors that cause the syndrome in some but not all infected mothers are still unclear. We identified a mutation that was present in some ZIKV genomes in experimentally inoculated pregnant rhesus macaques and their fetuses. Although we did not find an association between the presence of the mutation and fetal death, we performed additional...
Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightThe Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Deamidase Enhances Propagation but Is Dispensable for Retrograde Axonal Transport into the Nervous SystemHerpes simplex virus 1 invades the nervous system by entering nerve endings and sustaining long-distance retrograde axonal transport to reach neuronal nuclei in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. The incoming viral particle carries a deamidase activity on its surface that antagonizes antiviral responses. We examined the contribution of the deamidase to the hallmark neuroinvasive property of this virus.
Virus-Cell InteractionsSpecies-Specific Pathogenicity of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Is Determined by Anti-STAT2 Activity of NSsSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTSV, which has been reported in China, South Korea, and Japan. Here, we revealed that mice lacking STAT2, which is an important factor for antiviral innate immunity, are highly susceptible to SFTSV infection. We also show that SFTSV NSs cannot exert its anti-innate immunity activity in mice due to the inability of the protein to bind to...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionChikungunya Virus Fidelity Variants Exhibit Differential Attenuation and Population Diversity in Cell Culture and Adult MiceCHIKV is a reemerging global health threat that elicits debilitating arthritis in humans. There are currently no commercially available CHIKV vaccines. Like other RNA viruses, CHIKV has a high mutation rate and is capable of rapid intrahost diversification during an infection. In other RNA viruses, virus population diversity associates with disease progression; however, potential impacts of intrahost viral diversity on CHIKV arthritic...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityHeterologous Immunity and Persistent Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection