interferon
Cellular Response to InfectionPorcine Intestinal Enteroids: a New Model for Studying Enteric Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection and the Host Innate ResponsePEDV is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that causes significant economic losses, and the lack of a good in vitro model system is a major roadblock to an in-depth understanding of PEDV pathogenesis. Here, we generated a porcine intestinal enteroid model for PEDV infection. Utilizing porcine intestinal enteroids, we demonstrated that PEDV infects multiple lineages of the intestinal epithelium and preferably infects ileal...
Cellular Response to InfectionFunctional Mapping of Regions Involved in the Negative Imprinting of Virion Particle Infectivity and in Target Cell Protection by Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 against HIV-1IFITM proteins have been associated with the sequestration of incoming virions in endosomes (target cell protection) and with the production of virion particles that incorporate IFITMs and exhibit decreased infectivity (negative imprinting of virion infectivity). How the latter is regulated and whether these two antiviral properties are related remain unknown. By examining the behavior of a large panel of IFITM3 mutants against HIV-1,...
Virus-Cell InteractionsInfluenza A Virus Utilizes Low-Affinity, High-Avidity Interactions with the Nuclear Import Machinery To Ensure Infection and Immune EvasionWe used intracellular nanobodies to block influenza virus infection at the step prior to nuclear import of its ribonucleoproteins. By doing so, we were able to answer an important but outstanding question that could not be addressed with conventional tools: how many of the ∼500 available NLS motifs are needed to establish infection? Furthermore, by controlling the subcellular localization of the incoming viral ribonucleoproteins and...
Cellular Response to InfectionEquine Myxovirus Resistance Protein 2 Restricts Lentiviral Replication by Blocking Nuclear Uptake of Capsid Protein- Pathogenesis and ImmunityLong Noncoding RNA ITPRIP-1 Positively Regulates the Innate Immune Response through Promotion of Oligomerization and Activation of MDA5
Hepatitis C virus infection is a global health issue, and there is still no available vaccine, which makes it urgent to reveal the underlying mechanisms of HCV and host factors. Although RIG-I has been recognized as the leading cytoplasmic sensor against HCV for a long time, recent findings that MDA5 regulates the IFN response to HCV have emerged. Our work validates the significant role of MDA5 in IFN signaling and HCV infection and...
- Virus-Cell InteractionsRole of MxB in Alpha Interferon-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection
The results of this study reconcile the controversial reports regarding the anti-HIV-1 function of alpha interferon-induced MxB protein. In addition to the different cell types that may have contributed to the different observations, our data also suggest that VSV G protein-pseudotyped HIV-1 is much less inhibited by alpha interferon-induced MxB than HIV-1 itself is. Our results clearly demonstrate an important contribution of MxB to...
- Cellular Response to InfectionThe PERK Arm of the Unfolded Protein Response Negatively Regulates Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replication by Suppressing Protein Translation and Promoting Type I Interferon Production
The induction of ER stress is a common outcome in cells infected with coronaviruses. The UPR initiated by ER stress is actively involved in viral replication and modulates the host innate responses to the invading viruses, but these underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We show here that infection with the alphacoronavirus TGEV elicited ER stress in vitro and in vivo, and the UPR PERK-eIF2α branch was...
- Cellular Response to InfectionDifferential Responses by Human Respiratory Epithelial Cell Lines to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reflect Distinct Patterns of Infection Control
Airway epithelium is both the primary target of and the first defense against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Whether RSV replicates and spreads to adjacent epithelial cells depends on the quality of their innate immune responses. A549 and BEAS-2B are alveolar and bronchial epithelial cell lines, respectively, that are often used to study RSV infection. We show that A549 cells are permissive to RSV infection and express genes...
