innate immunity
Virus-Cell InteractionsInduction and Suppression of NF-κB Signalling by a DNA Virus of DrosophilaCoevolution of multicellular organisms and their natural viruses may lead to an intricate relationship in which host survival requires effective immunity and virus survival depends on evasion of such responses. Insect antiviral immunity and reciprocal virus immunosuppression tactics have been well studied in Drosophila melanogaster, primarily during RNA, but not DNA,...
Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightHepatitis B e Antigen Inhibits NF-κB Activity by Interrupting K63-Linked Ubiquitination of NEMOThe role of HBeAg in inflammatory responses during the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not fully understood, and several previous reports with regard to the NF-κB pathway are controversial. In this study, we showed that HBeAg could suppress both Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB in cells and clinical samples, and we further revealed novel molecular mechanisms. We found that HBeAg can associate...
Genetic Diversity and Evolution | SpotlightEurasian Avian-Like Swine Influenza A Viruses Escape Human MxA Restriction through Distinct Mutations in Their NucleoproteinThe human MxA protein efficiently blocks the replication of IAV from nonhuman species. In rare cases, however, these IAV overcome the species barrier and become pandemic. All known pandemic viruses have acquired and maintained MxA escape mutations in the viral NP and thus are not efficiently controlled by MxA. Intriguingly, partial MxA resistance can also be acquired in other hosts that express antivirally active Mx proteins, such as...
Cellular Response to InfectionReleased Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase Stimulates Innate Immune Responses against Viral InfectionARSs are essential enzymes in translation that link specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. In higher eukaryotes, some ARSs possess additional, noncanonical functions in the regulation of cell metabolism. Here, we report a novel noncanonical function of WRS in antiviral defense. WRS is rapidly secreted in response to viral infection and primes the innate immune response by inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and...
Cellular Response to Infection | SpotlightToll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR-7) and TLR-9 Agonists Improve Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Infectivity Inhibition by Plasmacytoid Dendritic CellsWe implemented a coculture system of pDCs with HCV-infected hepatoma cell line, Huh7.5. We used three HCV derivatives in order to gain insight into pDCs’ behavior against HCV and associated antiviral mechanisms. The results with this cell coculture system support the capacity of pDCs to inhibit HCV replication and infectivity mainly via IFN-α, but also through additional mechanisms associated with pDC maturation. We provided evidence...
Cellular Response to InfectionMicroRNA hsa-miR-324-5p Suppresses H5N1 Virus Replication by Targeting the Viral PB1 and Host CUEDC2
Virus-Cell InteractionsFunctional Evolution of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus NS1 and PA in Humans
