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immunization

  • Prominent Neutralizing Antibody Response Targeting the Ebolavirus Glycoprotein Subunit Interface Elicited by Immunization
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Prominent Neutralizing Antibody Response Targeting the Ebolavirus Glycoprotein Subunit Interface Elicited by Immunization

    The elicitation of sustained neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against diverse ebolavirus strains remains a high priority for the vaccine field. The most clinically advanced rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine could elicit moderate nAb responses against only one ebolavirus strain, Zaire Ebola (EBOV), among the five ebolavirus strains, which last less than 6 months.

    Yimeng Wang, Katie A. Howell, Jennifer Brannan, Krystle N. Agans, Hannah L. Turner, Ariel S. Wirchnianski, Shweta Kailasan, Marnie Fusco, Andrey Galkin, Chi-I Chiang, Xuelian Zhao, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Kartik Chandran, Andrew B. Ward, John M. Dye, M. Javad Aman, Thomas W. Geisbert, Yuxing Li
  • Trivalent Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine Prevents Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Mortality and Morbidity
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | Spotlight
    Trivalent Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine Prevents Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Mortality and Morbidity

    Herpes simplex virus is among the most serious infections of newborns. Current antiviral therapies can prevent mortality if infection is recognized early and treated promptly. Most children who survive nHSV develop lifelong neurological and behavioral deficits, despite aggressive antiviral treatment. We propose that maternal immunization could provide protection against HSV for both mother and baby. To this end, we used a trivalent...

    Chaya D. Patel, Sean A. Taylor, Jesse Mehrbach, Sita Awasthi, Harvey M. Friedman, David A. Leib
  • Zika Virus Mucosal Infection Provides Protective Immunity
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Zika Virus Mucosal Infection Provides Protective Immunity

    Zika virus is a clinically significant human pathogen that is primarily transmitted and spread by Aedes species mosquitoes but is also sexually transmissible. The recent pandemic in the Americas led to an unprecedented increase of newborn babies with developmental brain and eye abnormalities. To date, there is no licensed vaccine or therapeutic intervention available for the fight against ZIKV. Understanding the sexual...

    Laura E. Martínez, Gustavo Garcia, Deisy Contreras, Danyang Gong, Ren Sun, Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
  • Loss of Resistance to Mousepox during Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection Is Associated with Impaired T-Cell Responses and Can Be Rescued by Immunization
    Pathogenesis and Immunity | Spotlight
    Loss of Resistance to Mousepox during Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection Is Associated with Impaired T-Cell Responses and Can Be Rescued by Immunization

    Chronic viral infections may result in immunosuppression and enhanced susceptibility to infections with other pathogens. For example, we have recently shown that mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 (CL13) are highly susceptible to mousepox, a disease that is caused by ectromelia virus and that is the mouse homolog of human smallpox. Here we show chronic CL13 infection severely disrupts the...

    Pedro Alves-Peixoto, Maria Férez, Cory J. Knudson, Carolina R. Melo-Silva, Colby Stotesbury, Eric B. Wong, Margarida Correia-Neves, Luis J. Sigal
  • Open Access
    Broadly Inhibiting Antineuraminidase Monoclonal Antibodies Induced by Trivalent Influenza Vaccine and H7N9 Infection in Humans
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Broadly Inhibiting Antineuraminidase Monoclonal Antibodies Induced by Trivalent Influenza Vaccine and H7N9 Infection in Humans

    Antibodies to the influenza virus NA can provide protection against influenza disease. Analysis of human antibodies to NA lags behind that of antibodies to HA. We show that human monoclonal antibodies against NA induced by vaccination and infection can be very broadly reactive, with the ability to inhibit a wide spectrum of N1 NAs on viruses isolated between 1918 and 2018. This suggests that antibodies to NA may be a useful therapy and...

    Pramila Rijal, Bei Bei Wang, Tiong Kit Tan, Lisa Schimanski, Philipp Janesch, Tao Dong, John W. McCauley, Rodney S. Daniels, Alain R. Townsend, Kuan-Ying A. Huang
  • Type I and Type III Interferons Differ in Their Adjuvant Activities for Influenza Vaccines
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Type I and Type III Interferons Differ in Their Adjuvant Activities for Influenza Vaccines

    Interferons can shape antiviral immune responses, but it is not well understood how they influence vaccine efficacy. We find that type I IFN preferentially promotes the production of antigen-specific IgG2c and IgA antibodies after infection with a live attenuated influenza virus or after immunization with influenza subunit vaccines. In contrast, type III IFN specifically enhances influenza virus-specific IgG1 and IgA production. The...

    Liang Ye, Annette Ohnemus, Li Ching Ong, Hans Henrik Gad, Rune Hartmann, Nils Lycke, Peter Staeheli
  • An Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Ab4 Open Reading Frame 2 Deletion Mutant Provides Immunity and Protection from EHV-1 Infection and Disease
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    An Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Ab4 Open Reading Frame 2 Deletion Mutant Provides Immunity and Protection from EHV-1 Infection and Disease

    Nasal equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) shedding is essential for virus transmission during outbreaks. Cell-associated viremia is a prerequisite for the most severe disease outcomes, abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Thus, protection from viremia is considered essential for preventing EHM. Ab4ΔORF2 vaccination prevented EHV-1 challenge virus replication in the upper respiratory tract in fully protected horses....

    Christiane L. Schnabel, Susanna Babasyan, Alicia Rollins, Heather Freer, Christine L. Wimer, Gillian A. Perkins, Fahad Raza, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Bettina Wagner
  • Comparative Evaluation of the Vaccine Efficacies of Three Adenovirus-Based Vector Types in the Friend Retrovirus Infection Model
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Comparative Evaluation of the Vaccine Efficacies of Three Adenovirus-Based Vector Types in the Friend Retrovirus Infection Model

    AdV-based vectors are important tools for the development of vaccines against a wide range of pathogens. While AdV vectors are generally considered safe and highly effective, their application can be severely impaired by preexisting immunity due to the widespread seroprevalence of some AdV types. The characterization of different AdV types with regard to immunogenicity and efficacy in challenge models is of great importance for the...

    Camilla Patrizia Hrycak, Sonja Windmann, Wibke Bayer
  • A Recombinant Rabies Virus Expressing the Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Is Dependent upon Antibody-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity for Protection against Marburg Virus Disease in a Murine Model
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    A Recombinant Rabies Virus Expressing the Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Is Dependent upon Antibody-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity for Protection against Marburg Virus Disease in a Murine Model

    Marburg virus (MARV) is a virus similar to Ebola virus and also causes a hemorrhagic disease which is highly lethal. In contrast to EBOV, only a few vaccines have been developed against MARV, and researchers do not understand what kind of immune responses are required to protect from MARV. Here we show that antibodies directed against MARV after application of our vaccine protect in an animal system but fail to neutralize the virus in a...

    Rohan Keshwara, Katie R. Hagen, Tiago Abreu-Mota, Amy B. Papaneri, David Liu, Christoph Wirblich, Reed F. Johnson, Matthias J. Schnell
  • Closing and Opening Holes in the Glycan Shield of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers Can Redirect the Neutralizing Antibody Response to the Newly Unmasked Epitopes
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Closing and Opening Holes in the Glycan Shield of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers Can Redirect the Neutralizing Antibody Response to the Newly Unmasked Epitopes

    Engineered SOSIP trimers mimic envelope-glycoprotein spikes, which stud the surface of HIV-1 particles and mediate viral entry into cells. When used for immunizing test animals, they elicit antibodies that neutralize resistant sequence-matched HIV-1 isolates. These neutralizing antibodies recognize epitopes in holes in the glycan shield that covers the trimer. Here, we added glycans to block the most immunogenic neutralization epitopes...

    Rajesh P. Ringe, Pavel Pugach, Christopher A. Cottrell, Celia C. LaBranche, Gemma E. Seabright, Thomas J. Ketas, Gabriel Ozorowski, Sonu Kumar, Anna Schorcht, Marit J. van Gils, Max Crispin, David C. Montefiori, Ian A. Wilson, Andrew B. Ward, Rogier W. Sanders, P. J. Klasse, John P. Moore

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