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hemagglutinin

  • L226Q Mutation on Influenza H7N9 Virus Hemagglutinin Increases Receptor-Binding Avidity and Leads to Biased Antigenicity Evaluation
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    L226Q Mutation on Influenza H7N9 Virus Hemagglutinin Increases Receptor-Binding Avidity and Leads to Biased Antigenicity Evaluation

    The HI assay is a standard method for profiling the antigenic characterization of influenza viruses. Suspected antigenic changes based on HI divergency in H7N9 viruses during the 2016-2017 wave prompted the recommendation of new H7N9 candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs). In this study, we found that the L226Q substitution in HA of A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (H7/GD16) increased the viral receptor-binding avidity to red blood cells with no...

    Yang Wang, Yunhua Lv, Xuefeng Niu, Ji Dong, Pei Feng, Qinming Li, Wei Xu, Jiashun Li, Chufang Li, Jiahui Li, Jia Luo, Zhixia Li, Yichu Liu, Yee-Joo Tan, Weiqi Pan, Ling Chen
  • Open Access
    H9N2 Influenza Virus Infections in Human Cells Require a Balance between Neuraminidase Sialidase Activity and Hemagglutinin Receptor Affinity
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    H9N2 Influenza Virus Infections in Human Cells Require a Balance between Neuraminidase Sialidase Activity and Hemagglutinin Receptor Affinity

    H9N2 avian influenza (AI) virus, one of the most prevalent AI viruses, has caused repeated poultry and human infections, posing a huge public health risk. The H9N2 virus has diversified into multiple lineages, with the G1 lineage being the most prevalent worldwide. In this study, we isolated G1 variants carrying an 8-amino-acid deletion in their NA stalk, which is, to our knowledge, the longest deletion found in H9N2 viruses in the...

    Yasuha Arai, Emad Mohamed Elgendy, Tomo Daidoji, Madiha Salah Ibrahim, Takao Ono, Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen, Yasuo Suzuki, Takaaki Nakaya, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yohei Watanabe
  • Phenotypic Effects of Substitutions within the Receptor Binding Site of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Observed during Human Infection
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Phenotypic Effects of Substitutions within the Receptor Binding Site of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Observed during Human Infection

    H5 viruses continue to be a threat for public health. Because these viruses are immunologically novel to humans, they could spark a pandemic when adapted to transmit between humans. Avian influenza viruses need several adaptive mutations to bind to human-type receptors, increase hemagglutinin (HA) stability, and replicate in human cells. However, knowledge on adaptive mutations during human infections is limited. A previous study showed...

    Dirk Eggink, Monique Spronken, Roosmarijn van der Woude, Jocynthe Buzink, Frederik Broszeit, Ryan McBride, Hana A. Pawestri, Vivi Setiawaty, James C. Paulson, Geert-Jan Boons, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Colin A. Russell, Menno D. de Jong, Robert P. de Vries
  • Potential Role of Nonneutralizing IgA Antibodies in Cross-Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses of Multiple Hemagglutinin Subtypes
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | Spotlight
    Potential Role of Nonneutralizing IgA Antibodies in Cross-Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses of Multiple Hemagglutinin Subtypes

    Mucosal immunity represented by pSIgA plays important roles in protection from IAV infection. Furthermore, IAV HA-specific pSIgA antibodies are thought to contribute to cross-protective immunity against multiple IAV subtypes. However, the mechanisms by which pSIgA exerts such versatile antiviral activity are not fully understood. In this study, we generated broadly cross-reactive recombinant IgG and pSIgA having the same antigen-...

    Kosuke Okuya, Reiko Yoshida, Rashid Manzoor, Shinji Saito, Tadaki Suzuki, Michihito Sasaki, Takeshi Saito, Yurie Kida, Akina Mori-Kajihara, Tatsunari Kondoh, Masahiro Sato, Masahiro Kajihara, Hiroko Miyamoto, Osamu Ichii, Hideaki Higashi, Ayato Takada
  • Subtype Diversity of Influenza A Virus in North American Waterfowl: a Multidecade Study
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution | Spotlight
    Subtype Diversity of Influenza A Virus in North American Waterfowl: a Multidecade Study

    Wild aquatic birds are the primary natural reservoir of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and are therefore responsible for the dispersal and maintenance of IAVs representing a broad range of antigenic and genetic diversity. The aims of IAV surveillance in waterfowl not only relate to understanding the risk of spillover risk to humans, but also to improving our understanding of basic questions related to IAV evolution and ecology. By...

    Elena R. Diskin, Kimberly Friedman, Scott Krauss, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Rebecca L. Poulson, Richard D. Slemons, David E. Stallknecht, Robert G. Webster, Andrew S. Bowman
  • PARP1 Enhances Influenza A Virus Propagation by Facilitating Degradation of Host Type I Interferon Receptor
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    PARP1 Enhances Influenza A Virus Propagation by Facilitating Degradation of Host Type I Interferon Receptor

    Influenza A virus (IAV) infections cause seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks, which pose a devastating global health concern. Despite the availability of antivirals against influenza, new IAV strains continue to persist by overcoming the therapeutics. Therefore, much emphasis in the field is placed on identifying new therapeutic targets that can more effectively control influenza. IAV utilizes several tactics to evade host innate...

    Chuan Xia, Jennifer J. Wolf, Chuankai Sun, Mengqiong Xu, Caleb J. Studstill, Jun Chen, Hanh Ngo, Hua Zhu, Bumsuk Hahm
  • Mapping of a Novel H3-Specific Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Hemagglutinin Globular Head Isolated from an Elite Influenza Virus-Immunized Donor Exhibiting Serological Breadth
    Structure and Assembly | Spotlight
    Mapping of a Novel H3-Specific Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Hemagglutinin Globular Head Isolated from an Elite Influenza Virus-Immunized Donor Exhibiting Serological Breadth

    Influenza viruses escape immunity through continuous antigenic changes that occur predominantly on the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved epitopes following vaccination is a goal of universal influenza vaccines and advantageous in protecting hosts against virus evolution and antigenic drift. To date, most of the discovered bnAbs bind either to conserved sites in the stem...

    Yu Qiu, Svetlana Stegalkina, Jianxin Zhang, Ekaterina Boudanova, Anna Park, Yanfeng Zhou, Ponraj Prabakaran, Svetlana Pougatcheva, Irina V. Ustyugova, Thorsten U. Vogel, Sophia T. Mundle, Ray Oomen, Simon Delagrave, Ted M. Ross, Harry Kleanthous, Huawei Qiu
  • Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins H2, H5, H6, and H11 Are Not Targets of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D: <em>N</em>-Glycan Subtypes in Host-Pathogen Interactions
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins H2, H5, H6, and H11 Are Not Targets of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D: N-Glycan Subtypes in Host-Pathogen Interactions

    Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes can reassort with circulating human strains and pandemic viruses can emerge in human populations, as was seen in the 1957 pandemic, in which an H2 virus reassorted with the circulating H1N1 to create a novel H2N2 genotype. Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D), a key factor in first-line innate immunity defense, removes influenza type A virus (IAV) through interaction with...

    Lisa M. Parsons, Yanming An, Li Qi, Mitchell R. White, Roosmarijn van der Woude, Kevan L. Hartshorn, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Robert P. de Vries, John F. Cipollo
  • Hemagglutinin Cleavability, Acid Stability, and Temperature Dependence Optimize Influenza B Virus for Replication in Human Airways
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Hemagglutinin Cleavability, Acid Stability, and Temperature Dependence Optimize Influenza B Virus for Replication in Human Airways

    Influenza epidemics are caused by influenza A and influenza B viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively). IBV causes substantial disease; however, it is far less studied than IAV. While IAV originates from animal reservoirs, IBV circulates in humans only. Virus spread requires that the viral hemagglutinin (HA) is active and sufficiently stable in human airways. We resolve here how these mechanisms differ between IBV and IAV. Whereas human IAVs...

    Manon Laporte, Annelies Stevaert, Valerie Raeymaekers, Talitha Boogaerts, Inga Nehlmeier, Winston Chiu, Mohammed Benkheil, Bart Vanaudenaerde, Stefan Pöhlmann, Lieve Naesens
  • HA-Dependent Tropism of H5N1 and H7N9 Influenza Viruses to Human Endothelial Cells Is Determined by Reduced Stability of the HA, Which Allows the Virus To Cope with Inefficient Endosomal Acidification and Constitutively Expressed IFITM3
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    HA-Dependent Tropism of H5N1 and H7N9 Influenza Viruses to Human Endothelial Cells Is Determined by Reduced Stability of the HA, Which Allows the Virus To Cope with Inefficient Endosomal Acidification and Constitutively Expressed IFITM3

    Receptor specificity of the HA of IAVs is known to be a critical determinant of viral cell tropism. Here, we show that fusion properties of the HA may also play a key role in the tropism. Thus, we demonstrate that IAVs having a relatively low pH optimum of fusion cannot efficiently infect human endothelial cells owing to their relatively high endosomal pH and increased expression of fusion-inhibiting IFITM3 protein. These restrictions...

    Luca Hensen, Tatyana Matrosovich, Katrin Roth, Hans-Dieter Klenk, Mikhail Matrosovich

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