epithelial cells
Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightSelective Interferon Responses of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Minimize Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha CytotoxicityEnteric viral infections are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and have the potential to trigger or exacerbate intestinal inflammatory diseases. Prior studies have identified specialized innate immune responses that are active in the intestinal epithelium following viral infection, but our understanding of the benefits of such an epithelium-specific response is incomplete. Here, we show that the intestinal epithelial antiviral...
Pathogenesis and ImmunitySeminal Plasma-Derived Extracellular-Vesicle Fractions from HIV-Infected Men Exhibit Unique MicroRNA Signatures and Induce a Proinflammatory Response in Cells Isolated from the Female Reproductive TractSeminal plasma (SP), the major vehicle for HIV, can modulate HIV transmission risk through a variety of mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extremely abundant in semen, and because they play a key role in intercellular communication pathways and immune regulation, they may impact the likelihood of HIV transmission. However, little is known about the properties and signaling effects of SP-derived EVs in the context of HIV...
Cellular Response to InfectionDifferential Modulation of Innate Immune Responses in Human Primary Cells by Influenza A Viruses Carrying Human or Avian Nonstructural Protein 1Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics which result in an important health and economic burden. Wild aquatic birds are the natural host of IAV. However, IAV can infect diverse hosts, including humans, domestic poultry, pigs, and others. IAVs circulating in animals occasionally cross the species barrier, infecting humans, which results in mild to very severe disease. In some cases, these viruses can acquire the ability to be...
Cellular Response to Infection | SpotlightInnate Immune Response to Influenza Virus at Single-Cell Resolution in Human Epithelial Cells Revealed Paracrine Induction of Interferon Lambda 1Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen of high importance to public health. Annual epidemics of seasonal IAV infections in humans are a significant public health and economic burden. IAV also causes sporadic pandemics, which can have devastating effects. The main target cells for IAV replication are epithelial cells in the respiratory epithelium. The cellular innate immune responses induced in these cells upon infection are...
Virus-Cell InteractionsTropism and Infectivity of a Seasonal A(H1N1) and a Highly Pathogenic Avian A(H5N1) Influenza Virus in Primary Differentiated Ferret Nasal Epithelial Cell CulturesAlthough ferrets serve as an important model of influenza virus infection, much remains unknown about virus-host interactions in this species at the cellular level. The development of differentiated primary cultures of ferret nasal epithelial cells is an important step toward understanding cellular tropism and the mechanisms of influenza virus infection and replication in the airway milieu of this model. Using lectin staining and...
Cellular Response to InfectionDUSP10 Negatively Regulates the Inflammatory Response to Rhinovirus through Interleukin-1β SignalingRhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune...
Virus-Cell Interactionsαvβ3 Integrin Is Required for Efficient Infection of Epithelial Cells with Human Adenovirus Type 26Adenovirus-based vectors are used today for gene transfer and vaccination. HAdV26 has emerged as a promising candidate vector for development of vaccines due to its relatively low seroprevalence and its ability to induce potent immune responses against inserted transgenes. However, data regarding the basic biology of the virus, like receptor usage or intracellular trafficking, are limited. In this work, we found that efficient infection...
- Cellular Response to InfectionHuman Parvovirus Infection of Human Airway Epithelia Induces Pyroptotic Cell Death by Inhibiting Apoptosis
- Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene ExpressionHuman Metapneumovirus Induces Formation of Inclusion Bodies for Efficient Genome Replication and Transcription