dendritic cells
Pathogenesis and ImmunityInfluenza Virus Neuraminidase Engages CD83 and Promotes Pulmonary InjuryThe massive release of circulating mediators of inflammation is responsible for lung injury during influenza A virus infection. This phenomenon is referred to as the “cytokine storm.” However, the mechanism by which influenza induces the cytokine storm is not fully understood.
Pathogenesis and ImmunityIRF5 Promotes Influenza Virus-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Myeloid Cells and Murine ModelsThe inflammatory response to influenza A virus (IAV) participates in infection control but contributes to disease severity. After viral detection, intracellular pathways are activated, initiating cytokine production, but these pathways are incompletely understood. We show that interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) mediates IAV-induced inflammation and, in mice, drives pathology. This was independent of antiviral type 1 IFN and virus...
Cellular Response to InfectionDifferential Modulation of Innate Immune Responses in Human Primary Cells by Influenza A Viruses Carrying Human or Avian Nonstructural Protein 1Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics which result in an important health and economic burden. Wild aquatic birds are the natural host of IAV. However, IAV can infect diverse hosts, including humans, domestic poultry, pigs, and others. IAVs circulating in animals occasionally cross the species barrier, infecting humans, which results in mild to very severe disease. In some cases, these viruses can acquire the ability to be...
Cellular Response to Infection | SpotlightSTAT5: a Target of Antagonism by Neurotropic FlavivirusesFlaviviruses are a diverse group of insect-borne viruses responsible for numerous significant public health threats. Previously, we used a computational biology approach to define molecular signatures of antiviral DC responses following activation of innate immune signaling or infection with West Nile virus (WNV). In this work, we identify STAT5 as a regulator of DC activation and antiviral immune responses downstream of innate immune...
Cellular Response to Infection | SpotlightWest Nile Virus Infection Blocks Inflammatory Response and T Cell Costimulatory Capacity of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic CellsWest Nile virus (WNV) is an encephalitic flavivirus that remains endemic in the United States. Previous studies have found dysfunctional T cell responses correlate to severe disease outcomes during human WNV infection. Here, we sought to better understand the ability of WNV to program human dendritic cells (DCs) to prime WNV-specific T cell responses. While productive infection of monocyte-derived DCs activated antiviral and type I...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityLack of Activation Marker Induction and Chemokine Receptor Switch in Human Neonatal Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Response to Human Respiratory Syncytial VirusRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes disease early in life and can reinfect symptomatically throughout life without undergoing significant antigenic change. In contrast, reinfection by influenza A virus (IAV) requires antigenic change. The adaptive immune response depends on antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DC). We used myeloid DC (mDC) from cord blood and adult blood donors to evaluate whether immunological immaturity...
Virus-Cell InteractionsInterference with SAMHD1 Restores Late Gene Expression of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara in Human Dendritic Cells and Abrogates Type I Interferon ExpressionSAMHD1 is a phosphohydrolase and reduces cellular dNTP concentrations, which impairs poxviral DNA replication. The simian SIV accessory protein Vpx promotes degradation of SAMHD1, leading to increased cellular dNTP concentrations. Vpx addition enables poxviral DNA replication in human dendritic cells (DCs), as well as the expression of viral late proteins, which is normally blocked. SAMHD1 function during modified vaccinia virus Ankara...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityEndosomal Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9 Cooperate in Detection of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 InfectionThe two human gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), can cause aggressive forms of cancer. These herpesviruses are strictly host specific, and therefore the homolog murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is a widely used model to obtain in vivo insights into the interaction between these two gammaherpesviruses and their host. Like EBV and KSHV, MHV68 establishes lifelong...
- Cellular Response to InfectionBatf3-Dependent Dendritic Cells Promote Optimal CD8 T Cell Responses against Respiratory Poxvirus Infection
During respiratory infection with vaccinia virus (VacV), a member of Poxviridae family, CD8+ T cells play important role in resolving the primary infection. Effector CD8+ T cells clear the virus by accumulating in the infected lungs in large numbers and secreting molecules such as IFN-γ that kill virally infected cells. However, precise cell...
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsEfficient Delivery of Human Cytomegalovirus T Cell Antigens by Attenuated Sendai Virus Vectors