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arenavirus

  • Open Access
    Identification of Common CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Epitopes from Lassa Fever Survivors in Nigeria and Sierra Leone
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Identification of Common CD8+ T Cell Epitopes from Lassa Fever Survivors in Nigeria and Sierra Leone

    The high morbidity and mortality associated with clinical cases of Lassa fever, together with the lack of licensed vaccines and limited and partially effective interventions, make Lassa virus (LASV) an important health concern in its regions of endemicity in West Africa. Previous infection with LASV protects from disease after subsequent exposure, providing a framework for designing vaccines to elicit similar protective immunity....

    Saori Sakabe, Jessica N. Hartnett, Nhi Ngo, Augustine Goba, Mambu Momoh, John Demby Sandi, Lansana Kanneh, Beatrice Cubitt, Selma D. Garcia, Brian C. Ware, Dylan Kotliar, Refugio Robles-Sikisaka, Karthik Gangavarapu, Luis M. Branco, Philomena Eromon, Ikponmwosa Odia, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Onikepe Folarin, Sylvanus Okogbenin, Peter O. Okokhere, Christian Happi, Pardis C. Sabeti, Kristian G. Andersen, Robert F. Garry, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Donald S. Grant, John S. Schieffelin, Michael B. A. Oldstone, Brian M. Sullivan
  • Identification of Reptarenaviruses, Hartmaniviruses, and a Novel Chuvirus in Captive Native Brazilian Boa Constrictors with Boid Inclusion Body Disease
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Identification of Reptarenaviruses, Hartmaniviruses, and a Novel Chuvirus in Captive Native Brazilian Boa Constrictors with Boid Inclusion Body Disease

    Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD), caused by reptarenavirus infection, affects captive snake populations worldwide, but the reservoir hosts of reptarenaviruses remain unknown. Here, we report the identification of novel reptarenaviruses, hartmaniviruses, and a chuvirus in captive Brazilian boas with BIBD. Three of the four snakes studied showed coinfection with all three viruses, and one of the snakes harbored three novel...

    Fernando Froner Argenta, Jussi Hepojoki, Teemu Smura, Leonora Szirovicza, Márcia Elisa Hammerschmitt, David Driemeier, Anja Kipar, Udo Hetzel
    and The BIBD Group
  • Lassa Virus, but Not Highly Pathogenic New World Arenaviruses, Restricts Immunostimulatory Double-Stranded RNA Accumulation during Infection
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Lassa Virus, but Not Highly Pathogenic New World Arenaviruses, Restricts Immunostimulatory Double-Stranded RNA Accumulation during Infection

    Arenavirus NPs contain a highly conserved DEDDh ExoN motif, through which LASV NP degrades virus-derived, immunostimulatory dsRNA in biochemical assays to eliminate the danger signal and inhibit the innate immune response. Nevertheless, the function of NP ExoN in arenavirus infection remains to be defined. In this study, we discovered that LASV potently restricts dsRNA accumulation during infection and minigenome replication. In...

    Elizabeth J. Mateer, Junki Maruyama, Galen E. Card, Slobodan Paessler, Cheng Huang
  • The Glycoprotein of the Live-Attenuated Junin Virus Vaccine Strain Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Forms Aggregates prior to Degradation in the Lysosome
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    The Glycoprotein of the Live-Attenuated Junin Virus Vaccine Strain Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Forms Aggregates prior to Degradation in the Lysosome

    The development of vaccines and therapeutics to combat viral hemorrhagic fevers remains a top priority within the Implementation Plan of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise. The Can strain, derived from the pathogenic XJ strain of JUNV, has been demonstrated to be both safe and protective against AHF. While the vaccine strain is approved for use in regions of...

    John T. Manning, Nadya E. Yun, Alexey V. Seregin, Takaaki Koma, Rachel A. Sattler, Chiomah Ezeomah, Cheng Huang, Juan C. de la Torre, Slobodan Paessler
  • Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Activity and Fc-Effector Functions against the Machupo Virus Glycoprotein
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Activity and Fc-Effector Functions against the Machupo Virus Glycoprotein

    MACV infections are a significant public health concern and lead to high case fatality rates. No specific treatment or vaccine for MACV infections exist. However, cases of Junin virus infection, a related virus, can be treated with convalescent-phase serum. This indicates that a MAb-based therapy for MACV could be effective. Here, we describe several MAbs that neutralize MACV and could be used for this purpose.

    Fatima Amanat, James Duehr, Cheng Huang, Slobodan Paessler, Gene S. Tan, Florian Krammer
  • Guinea Pig Transferrin Receptor 1 Mediates Cellular Entry of Junín Virus and Other Pathogenic New World Arenaviruses
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Guinea Pig Transferrin Receptor 1 Mediates Cellular Entry of Junín Virus and Other Pathogenic New World Arenaviruses

    JUNV is one of five known NWAs that cause viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. Countermeasures against JUNV infection are limited to immunization with the Candid#1 vaccine and immune plasma, which are available only in Argentina. The gold standard small animal model for JUNV infection is the guinea pig. Here, we demonstrate high sensitivity of this species to severe JUNV infection and identify gpTfR1 as the primary receptor. Use of hTfR1...

    Brady T. Hickerson, Jonna B. Westover, Zhongde Wang, Young-Min Lee, Brian B. Gowen
  • Biological Characterization of Conserved Residues within the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Pichinde Arenaviral Glycoprotein Subunit 2 (GP2)
    Structure and Assembly
    Biological Characterization of Conserved Residues within the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Pichinde Arenaviral Glycoprotein Subunit 2 (GP2)

    Several arenaviruses, such as Lassa virus (LASV), can cause severe and lethal hemorrhagic fever diseases with high mortality and morbidity, for which no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics are available. Viral entry is mediated by the arenavirus GP complex, which consists of the stable signal peptide (SSP), the receptor-binding subunit GP1, and the transmembrane subunit GP2. The cytoplasmic tail (CT) of GP2 is highly conserved among...

    Junjie Shao, Qinfeng Huang, Xiaoying Liu, Da Di, Mythili Dileepan, Morgan Brisse, Hinh Ly, Yuying Liang
  • Comparison of the Innate Immune Responses to Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Clade B New World Arenaviruses
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Comparison of the Innate Immune Responses to Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Clade B New World Arenaviruses

    New World (NW) arenaviruses are a diverse family of emerging zoonotic viruses that merit significant attention as important public health problems. The close genetic relationship of nonpathogenic NW arenaviruses with their highly pathogenic cousins suggests that few mutations may be sufficient to enhance virulence. The identification of molecular determinants of virulence of NW arenaviruses is therefore of great importance. Here we...

    Hector Moreno, Rebecca Möller, Chiara Fedeli, Gisa Gerold, Stefan Kunz
  • Differential Antibody-Based Immune Response against Isolated GP1 Receptor-Binding Domains from Lassa and Junín Viruses
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Differential Antibody-Based Immune Response against Isolated GP1 Receptor-Binding Domains from Lassa and Junín Viruses

    Some viruses that belong to the Arenaviridae family, like Lassa and Junín viruses, are notorious human pathogens, which may lead to fatal outcomes when they infect people. It is thus important to develop means to combat these viruses. For developing effective vaccines, it is vital to understand the basic mechanisms that these viruses utilize in order to evade or overcome host immune responses. It was previously noted that the...

    Aliza Borenstein-Katz, Anastasiya Shulman, Hedva Hamawi, Orith Leitner, Ron Diskin
  • Identification of Clotrimazole Derivatives as Specific Inhibitors of Arenavirus Fusion
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Identification of Clotrimazole Derivatives as Specific Inhibitors of Arenavirus Fusion

    Emerging human-pathogenic arenaviruses are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality and represent serious public health problems. The current lack of a licensed vaccine and the limited treatment options makes the development of novel antiarenaviral therapeutics an urgent need. Using a recombinant pseudotype platform, we uncovered that clotrimazole drugs, in particular TRAM-34, specifically inhibit cell entry of...

    Giulia Torriani, Evgeniya Trofimenko, Jennifer Mayor, Chiara Fedeli, Hector Moreno, Sébastien Michel, Mathieu Heulot, Nadja Chevalier, Gert Zimmer, Neeta Shrestha, Philippe Plattet, Olivier Engler, Sylvia Rothenberger, Christian Widmann, Stefan Kunz

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