apoptosis
Virus-Cell InteractionsJapanese Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis and Encephalitis by Activating the PERK PathwayJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuron apoptosis. ER stress sensor protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) has been reported to induce apoptosis under acute or prolonged ER stress. However, whether the PERK pathway of ER stress response plays important roles in JEV-induced apoptosis and encephalitis remains unknown. Here, we found that JEV infection activates...
Virus-Cell InteractionsSIRT1 Modulates the Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus OncolysisThe use of nonpathogenic viruses to target and kill cancer cells is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. However, many types of human cancer are resistant to the oncolytic (cancer-killing) effects of virotherapy. In this study, we identify a host cellular protein, SIRT1, that contributes to the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to infection by a prototypical oncolytic virus. Knockout of SIRT1 activity increases the sensitivity of...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityHepatitis B Spliced Protein (HBSP) Suppresses Fas-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis via Activation of PI3K/Akt SignalingOur study revealed a previously unappreciated role of HBSP in Fas-mediated apoptosis. The antiapoptotic activity of HBSP is important for understanding hepatitis B virus pathogenesis. In particular, HBV variants associated with hepatoma carcinoma may downregulate apoptosis of hepatocytes through enhanced HBSP expression. Our study also found that Akt is centrally involved in Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and revealed that...
- Cellular Response to InfectionPartial Inactivation of the Chromatin Remodelers SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 in Virus-Infected Cells by Caspase-Mediated Cleavage
Efficient induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) prior to infection is known to effectively convert a cell into an antiviral state, blocking viral replication. Additionally, cells can undergo caspase-mediated apoptosis to control viral infection. Here, we identify SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 to be essential for the efficient induction of ISGs but also to be targeted by cellular caspases downstream of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. We...
- Virus-Cell InteractionsThe Major Tegument Protein of Bovine Herpesvirus 1, VP8, Interacts with DNA Damage Response Proteins and Induces Apoptosis
To our knowledge, the effect of BoHV-1 infection on the DNA damage response has not been characterized. Since BoHV-1ΔUL47 was previously shown to be avirulent in vivo, VP8 is critical for the progression of viral infection. We demonstrated that VP8 interacts with DNA damage response proteins and disrupts the ATM-NBS1-SMC1 pathway by inhibiting phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins NBS1 and SMC1. Furthermore,...
- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsHIV Protease-Generated Casp8p41, When Bound and Inactivated by Bcl2, Is Degraded by the Proteasome
