antibody
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsEffect of an Adenovirus-Vectored Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine on Pulmonary Pathophysiology in a Mouse ModelRespiratory viruses can emerge and spread rapidly before vaccines are available. It would be a tremendous advance to use vaccines that protect against whole categories of viruses, such as universal influenza vaccines, without the need to predict which virus will emerge.
Pathogenesis and ImmunityProduction of HIV-1 Env-Specific Antibodies Mediating Innate Immune Functions Depends on Cognate Interleukin-21- Secreting CD4+ T CellsTo develop a vaccine or immunotherapy that would cure the HIV-1 infection, it is important to identify helper T cells able to mount an efficient antibody response. Here, we demonstrate that the generation of HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies facilitating antibody-dependent innate immune responses likely depends on Env-specific IL-21-secreting CD4+ T and peripheral T follicular helper cells.
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsThe Immunological Impact of Adenovirus Early Genes on Vaccine-Induced Responses in Mice and Nonhuman PrimatesAdenovirus (Ad) is being explored for use in the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases and cancers. Here, we provide evidence in cells, mice, and nonhuman primates supporting the notion that Ad early gene products limit specific immune responses.
Virus-Cell InteractionsDual Pathways of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trafficking Modulate the Selective Exclusion of Uncleaved Oligomers from VirionsThe envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediate the entry of the virus into host cells and serve as targets for neutralizing antibodies. The cleaved, functional Env is incorporated into virus particles from the surface of the infected cell. We found that an uncleaved form of Env is transported to the cell surface by an unconventional route, but this nonfunctional Env is...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsComputationally Optimized Broadly Reactive H2 HA Influenza Vaccines Elicited Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies and Protected Mice from Viral ChallengesH2N2 influenza has caused at least one pandemic in the past. Given that individuals born after 1968 have not been exposed to H2N2 influenza viruses, a future pandemic caused by H2 influenza is likely. An effective H2 influenza vaccine would need to elicit broadly cross-reactive antibodies to multiple H2 influenza viruses. Choosing a wild-type virus to create a vaccine may elicit a narrow immune response and not protect against multiple...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsPriming with DNA Expressing Trimeric HIV V1V2 Alters the Immune Hierarchy Favoring the Development of V2-Specific Antibodies in Rhesus MacaquesThe aim of this work was to design and test a vaccine regimen focusing the immune response on targets associated with infection prevention. We demonstrated that priming with a DNA vaccine expressing only the HIV Env V1V2 region induces Ab responses targeting the critical region in V2 associated with protection. This work shows that V1V2 scaffold DNA priming immunization provides a method to focus immune responses to the desired target...
Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | SpotlightHigh-Resolution Mapping of Human Norovirus Antigens via Genomic Phage Display Library Selections and Deep SequencingNoV infections are a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. Human NoVs exhibit extensive genetic and antigenic diversity, which makes it challenging to design a vaccine that provides broad protection against infection. Antibodies developed during the immune response play an important role in the control of NoV infections. Neutralizing antibodies that act by sterically blocking the site on the virus used to bind human...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsAirway Delivery of Anti-influenza Monoclonal Antibodies Results in Enhanced Antiviral Activities and Enables Broad-Coverage Combination TherapiesInfluenza causes widespread illness in humans and can result in morbidity and death, especially in the very young and elderly populations. Because influenza vaccination can be poorly effective some years, and the immune systems of the most susceptible populations are often compromised, passive immunization treatments using broadly neutralizing antibodies is a promising therapeutic approach. However, large amounts of a single antibody...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsAn HIV Vaccine Targeting the V2 Region of the HIV Envelope Induces a Highly Durable Polyfunctional Fc-Mediated Antibody Response in Rhesus MacaquesThe only HIV vaccine trial for which protective efficacy was detected correlated this efficacy with V2-specific Abs that were effectively nonneutralizing. This result has fueled a decade of HIV vaccine research focused on designing an HIV vaccine capable of eliciting V2-focused, polyfunctional Abs that effectively bind HIV and trigger various leukocytes to kill the virus and restrict viral spread. From the numerous vaccine candidates...
Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | SpotlightPotential Role of Nonneutralizing IgA Antibodies in Cross-Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses of Multiple Hemagglutinin SubtypesMucosal immunity represented by pSIgA plays important roles in protection from IAV infection. Furthermore, IAV HA-specific pSIgA antibodies are thought to contribute to cross-protective immunity against multiple IAV subtypes. However, the mechanisms by which pSIgA exerts such versatile antiviral activity are not fully understood. In this study, we generated broadly cross-reactive recombinant IgG and pSIgA having the same antigen-...