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antibody

  • Effect of an Adenovirus-Vectored Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine on Pulmonary Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Effect of an Adenovirus-Vectored Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine on Pulmonary Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model

    Respiratory viruses can emerge and spread rapidly before vaccines are available. It would be a tremendous advance to use vaccines that protect against whole categories of viruses, such as universal influenza vaccines, without the need to predict which virus will emerge.

    Santosh Dhakal, Jeffrey Loube, Julia A. Misplon, Chia-Yun Lo, Patrick S. Creisher, Kathleen R. Mulka, Sharvari Deshpande, Wayne Mitzner, Sabra L. Klein, Suzanne L. Epstein
  • Production of HIV-1 Env-Specific Antibodies Mediating Innate Immune Functions Depends on Cognate Interleukin-21- Secreting CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Production of HIV-1 Env-Specific Antibodies Mediating Innate Immune Functions Depends on Cognate Interleukin-21- Secreting CD4+ T Cells

    To develop a vaccine or immunotherapy that would cure the HIV-1 infection, it is important to identify helper T cells able to mount an efficient antibody response. Here, we demonstrate that the generation of HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies facilitating antibody-dependent innate immune responses likely depends on Env-specific IL-21-secreting CD4+ T and peripheral T follicular helper cells.

    Jernej Pušnik, Stephanie Fischinger, Ulf Dittmer, Stefan Esser, Marit J. van Gils, Rogier W. Sanders, Galit Alter, Hendrik Streeck
  • Open Access
    The Immunological Impact of Adenovirus Early Genes on Vaccine-Induced Responses in Mice and Nonhuman Primates
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    The Immunological Impact of Adenovirus Early Genes on Vaccine-Induced Responses in Mice and Nonhuman Primates

    Adenovirus (Ad) is being explored for use in the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases and cancers. Here, we provide evidence in cells, mice, and nonhuman primates supporting the notion that Ad early gene products limit specific immune responses.

    Kotou Sangare, Iskra Tuero, Mohammad Arif Rahman, Tanya Hoang, Leia K. Miller-Novak, Diego A. Vargas-Inchaustegui, David J. Venzon, Celia LaBranche, David C. Montefiori, Marjorie Robert-Guroff, Michael A. Thomas
  • Dual Pathways of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trafficking Modulate the Selective Exclusion of Uncleaved Oligomers from Virions
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Dual Pathways of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trafficking Modulate the Selective Exclusion of Uncleaved Oligomers from Virions

    The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediate the entry of the virus into host cells and serve as targets for neutralizing antibodies. The cleaved, functional Env is incorporated into virus particles from the surface of the infected cell. We found that an uncleaved form of Env is transported to the cell surface by an unconventional route, but this nonfunctional Env is...

    Shijian Zhang, Hanh T. Nguyen, Haitao Ding, Jia Wang, Shitao Zou, Lihong Liu, Debjani Guha, Dana Gabuzda, David D. Ho, John C. Kappes, Joseph Sodroski
  • Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive H2 HA Influenza Vaccines Elicited Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies and Protected Mice from Viral Challenges
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive H2 HA Influenza Vaccines Elicited Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies and Protected Mice from Viral Challenges

    H2N2 influenza has caused at least one pandemic in the past. Given that individuals born after 1968 have not been exposed to H2N2 influenza viruses, a future pandemic caused by H2 influenza is likely. An effective H2 influenza vaccine would need to elicit broadly cross-reactive antibodies to multiple H2 influenza viruses. Choosing a wild-type virus to create a vaccine may elicit a narrow immune response and not protect against multiple...

    Z. Beau Reneer, Parker J. Jamieson, Amanda L. Skarlupka, Ying Huang, Ted M. Ross
  • Open Access
    Priming with DNA Expressing Trimeric HIV V1V2 Alters the Immune Hierarchy Favoring the Development of V2-Specific Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Priming with DNA Expressing Trimeric HIV V1V2 Alters the Immune Hierarchy Favoring the Development of V2-Specific Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques

    The aim of this work was to design and test a vaccine regimen focusing the immune response on targets associated with infection prevention. We demonstrated that priming with a DNA vaccine expressing only the HIV Env V1V2 region induces Ab responses targeting the critical region in V2 associated with protection. This work shows that V1V2 scaffold DNA priming immunization provides a method to focus immune responses to the desired target...

    Santhi Devasundaram, Margherita Rosati, Antonio Valentin, Svenja Weiss, Vincenza Itri, Hung V. Trinh, Jenifer Bear, Bhabadeb Chowdhury, Celia C. LaBranche, David Montefiori, Guido Ferrari, Mangala Rao, Xiang-Peng Kong, Susan Zolla-Pazner, George N. Pavlakis, Barbara K. Felber
  • High-Resolution Mapping of Human Norovirus Antigens via Genomic Phage Display Library Selections and Deep Sequencing
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | Spotlight
    High-Resolution Mapping of Human Norovirus Antigens via Genomic Phage Display Library Selections and Deep Sequencing

    NoV infections are a leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. Human NoVs exhibit extensive genetic and antigenic diversity, which makes it challenging to design a vaccine that provides broad protection against infection. Antibodies developed during the immune response play an important role in the control of NoV infections. Neutralizing antibodies that act by sterically blocking the site on the virus used to bind human...

    Wanzhi Huang, Victoria Soeung, David M. Boragine, Liya Hu, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Mary K. Estes, Robert L. Atmar, Timothy Palzkill
  • Open Access
    Airway Delivery of Anti-influenza Monoclonal Antibodies Results in Enhanced Antiviral Activities and Enables Broad-Coverage Combination Therapies
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Airway Delivery of Anti-influenza Monoclonal Antibodies Results in Enhanced Antiviral Activities and Enables Broad-Coverage Combination Therapies

    Influenza causes widespread illness in humans and can result in morbidity and death, especially in the very young and elderly populations. Because influenza vaccination can be poorly effective some years, and the immune systems of the most susceptible populations are often compromised, passive immunization treatments using broadly neutralizing antibodies is a promising therapeutic approach. However, large amounts of a single antibody...

    Adam Vigil, Natalia Frias-Staheli, Teresa Carabeo, Michael Wittekind
  • An HIV Vaccine Targeting the V2 Region of the HIV Envelope Induces a Highly Durable Polyfunctional Fc-Mediated Antibody Response in Rhesus Macaques
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    An HIV Vaccine Targeting the V2 Region of the HIV Envelope Induces a Highly Durable Polyfunctional Fc-Mediated Antibody Response in Rhesus Macaques

    The only HIV vaccine trial for which protective efficacy was detected correlated this efficacy with V2-specific Abs that were effectively nonneutralizing. This result has fueled a decade of HIV vaccine research focused on designing an HIV vaccine capable of eliciting V2-focused, polyfunctional Abs that effectively bind HIV and trigger various leukocytes to kill the virus and restrict viral spread. From the numerous vaccine candidates...

    Rebecca L. Powell, Svenja Weiss, Alisa Fox, Xiaomei Liu, Vincenza Itri, Xunqing Jiang, Christina C. Luo, David A. Spencer, Shilpi Pandey, Tracy Cheever, Deborah H. Fuller, Maxim Totrov, Ann J. Hessell, Nancy L. Haigwood, Xiang-Peng Kong, Susan Zolla-Pazner
  • Potential Role of Nonneutralizing IgA Antibodies in Cross-Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses of Multiple Hemagglutinin Subtypes
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | Spotlight
    Potential Role of Nonneutralizing IgA Antibodies in Cross-Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses of Multiple Hemagglutinin Subtypes

    Mucosal immunity represented by pSIgA plays important roles in protection from IAV infection. Furthermore, IAV HA-specific pSIgA antibodies are thought to contribute to cross-protective immunity against multiple IAV subtypes. However, the mechanisms by which pSIgA exerts such versatile antiviral activity are not fully understood. In this study, we generated broadly cross-reactive recombinant IgG and pSIgA having the same antigen-...

    Kosuke Okuya, Reiko Yoshida, Rashid Manzoor, Shinji Saito, Tadaki Suzuki, Michihito Sasaki, Takeshi Saito, Yurie Kida, Akina Mori-Kajihara, Tatsunari Kondoh, Masahiro Sato, Masahiro Kajihara, Hiroko Miyamoto, Osamu Ichii, Hideaki Higashi, Ayato Takada

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