animal models
Pathogenesis and ImmunityCrimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Mouse Model Recapitulating Human ConvalescenceThe role of antibody or virus-specific T-cell responses in control of acute Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection is largely unclear. This is a critical gap in our understanding of CCHF, and investigation of convalescence following severe acute CCHF has been limited by the lack of suitable small animal models. We report here a mouse model of CCHF in which infected mice develop severe disease but ultimately recover. Although...
GemIn Vivo Models of Oncoproteins Encoded by Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated HerpesvirusKaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human oncogenic virus. KSHV utilizes its proteins to modify the cellular environment to promote viral replication and persistence.
Pathogenesis and ImmunityAcute Respiratory Infection in Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4-Transgenic Mice Infected with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronavirusMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are endemic in the Middle East and a threat to public health worldwide. Rodents are not susceptible to the virus because they do not express functional receptors; therefore, we generated a new animal model of MERS-CoV infection based on transgenic mice expressing human DPP4 (hDPP4). The pattern of hDPP4 expression in this model was similar to that in human tissues (...
Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsDolutegravir Monotherapy of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Selects for Several Patterns of Resistance Mutations with Variable Virological OutcomesA growing number of anti-HIV drug combinations are effective in suppressing virus replication in HIV-infected persons. However, to reduce their cost and risk for toxicity, there is considerable interest in simplifying drug regimens. A major concern with single-drug regimens is the emergence of drug-resistant viral mutants. It has been speculated that DTG monotherapy may be a feasible option, because DTG may have a higher genetic barrier...
- Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightAmino Acid Variation at VP1-145 of Enterovirus 71 Determines Attachment Receptor Usage and Neurovirulence in Human Scavenger Receptor B2 Transgenic Mice
Attachment receptors expressed on the host cell surface are thought to enhance EV71 infection by increasing the chance of encountering true receptors. Although this has been confirmed using cell culture for some viruses, the importance of attachment receptors in vivo is unknown. This report provides an unexpected answer to this question. We demonstrated that the VP1-145G virus binds to HS and shows an attenuated phenotype in an...
- Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightVP1 Amino Acid Residue 145 of Enterovirus 71 Is a Key Residue for Its Receptor Attachment and Resistance to Neutralizing Antibody during Cynomolgus Monkey Infection
The contribution of VP1-145 variants in humans is not fully understood. In some studies, VP1-145G/Q viruses were isolated more frequently from severely affected patients than from mildly affected patients, suggesting that VP1-145G/Q viruses are more virulent. In the accompanying paper (K. Kobayashi, Y. Sudaka, A. Takashino, A. Imura, K. Fujii, and S. Koike, J Virol 92:e00681-18, 2018, https...
- Pathogenesis and Immunity | SpotlightPathogenesis, Humoral Immune Responses, and Transmission between Cohoused Animals in a Ferret Model of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection