Skip to main content
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems
  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Minireviews
    • JVI Classic Spotlights
    • Archive
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JVI
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions
  • ASM
    • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
    • EcoSal Plus
    • Infection and Immunity
    • Journal of Bacteriology
    • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
    • Journal of Virology
    • mBio
    • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
    • Microbiology Resource Announcements
    • Microbiology Spectrum
    • Molecular and Cellular Biology
    • mSphere
    • mSystems

User menu

  • Log in
  • My alerts
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Virology
publisher-logosite-logo

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • COVID-19 Special Collection
    • Minireviews
    • JVI Classic Spotlights
    • Archive
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Scope
    • Editorial Policy
    • Submission, Review, & Publication Processes
    • Organization and Format
    • Errata, Author Corrections, Retractions
    • Illustrations and Tables
    • Nomenclature
    • Abbreviations and Conventions
    • Publication Fees
    • Ethics Resources and Policies
  • About the Journal
    • About JVI
    • Editor in Chief
    • Editorial Board
    • For Reviewers
    • For the Media
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Alerts
    • RSS
    • FAQ
  • Subscribe
    • Members
    • Institutions

Table of Contents

December 2019; Volume 93,Issue 23

Spotlight

  • Free
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue
    Spotlight
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue

Gem

  • Free
    Know Thyself: RIG-I-Like Receptor Sensing of DNA Virus Infection
    Gem
    Know Thyself: RIG-I-Like Receptor Sensing of DNA Virus Infection

    The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are double-stranded RNA-binding proteins that play a role in initiating and modulating cell intrinsic immunity through the recognition of RNA features typically absent from the host transcriptome. While they are initially characterized in the context of RNA virus infection, evidence has now accumulated establishing the role of RLRs in DNA virus infection.

    Yang Zhao, John Karijolich

Structure and Assembly

  • Relationships between MA-RNA Binding in Cells and Suppression of HIV-1 Gag Mislocalization to Intracellular Membranes
    Structure and Assembly
    Relationships between MA-RNA Binding in Cells and Suppression of HIV-1 Gag Mislocalization to Intracellular Membranes

    The PM-specific localization of HIV-1 Gag is a crucial early step in infectious progeny production. The interaction between the MA highly basic region (MA-HBR) of Gag and the PM-specific lipid PI(4,5)P2 is critical for Gag localization to the PM. Additionally, in vitro evidence has indicated that MA-RNA binding prevents nonspecific binding of Gag to non-PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes. However, cell-based evidence supporting a...

    Dishari Thornhill, Balaji Olety, Akira Ono
  • Open Access
    The 3.1-Angstrom Cryo-electron Microscopy Structure of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Protein in the Prefusion Conformation
    Structure and Assembly
    The 3.1-Angstrom Cryo-electron Microscopy Structure of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Protein in the Prefusion Conformation

    Coronavirus spike proteins are large, densely glycosylated macromolecular machines that mediate receptor binding and membrane fusion to facilitate entry into host cells. This report describes the atomic-resolution structure of the spike protein from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, a pathogenic alphacoronavirus that causes severe agricultural damage. The structure reveals a novel position for the sialic acid-binding attachment domain in...

    Daniel Wrapp, Jason S. McLellan
  • Open Access
    Identification of the First Gene Transfer Agent (GTA) Small Terminase in <em>Rhodobacter capsulatus</em> and Its Role in GTA Production and Packaging of DNA
    Structure and Assembly
    Identification of the First Gene Transfer Agent (GTA) Small Terminase in Rhodobacter capsulatus and Its Role in GTA Production and Packaging of DNA

    Random transfer of any and all genes between bacteria could be influential in the spread of virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes. Discovery of the true prevalence of GTAs in sequenced genomes is hampered by their apparent similarity to bacteriophages. Our data allowed the prediction of small terminases in diverse GTA producer species, and defining the characteristics of a “GTA-type” terminase could be an important step toward...

    D. Sherlock, J. X. Leong, P. C. M. Fogg

Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression

  • Deoxyinosine and 7-Deaza-2-Deoxyguanosine as Carriers of Genetic Information in the DNA of <em>Campylobacter</em> Viruses
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    Deoxyinosine and 7-Deaza-2-Deoxyguanosine as Carriers of Genetic Information in the DNA of Campylobacter Viruses

    Bacteriophages are in a constant evolutionary struggle to overcome their microbial hosts’ defenses and must adapt in unconventional ways to remain viable as infectious agents. One mode of adaptation is modifying the viral genome to contain noncanonical nucleotides. Genome modification in phages is becoming more commonly reported as analytical techniques improve, but guanosine modifications have been underreported. To date, two genomic...

    Clay S. Crippen, Yan-Jiun Lee, Geoffrey Hutinet, Asif Shajahan, Jessica C. Sacher, Parastoo Azadi, Valérie de Crécy-Lagard, Peter R. Weigele, Christine M. Szymanski
  • Identification of a Type-Specific Promoter Element That Differentiates between Influenza A and B Viruses
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    Identification of a Type-Specific Promoter Element That Differentiates between Influenza A and B Viruses

    Genetic reassortment of influenza virus plays a key role in virus evolution and the emergence of pandemic strains. The reassortment occurs extensively within either FluA or FluB viruses but never between them. Here, we bioinformatically compared available promoter sequences of FluA and FluB viruses and confirmed the presence of the type-specific promoter elements. Our in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis studies showed...

    Shuman Gao, Wenyu Zhang, Congyu Lu, Mengmeng Cao, Shan Cen, Yousong Peng, Tao Deng
  • Open Access
    Structure of the 5′ Untranslated Region of Enteroviral Genomic RNA
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    Structure of the 5′ Untranslated Region of Enteroviral Genomic RNA

    Enterovirus infections are responsible for human diseases, including myocarditis, pancreatitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and poliomyelitis. The virulence of these viruses depends on efficient recognition of the RNA genome by a large family of host proteins and protein synthesis factors, which in turn relies on the three-dimensional folding of the first 750 nucleotides of the molecule. Structural information about this region of the...

    Bejan Mahmud, Christopher M. Horn, William E. Tapprich

Genetic Diversity and Evolution

  • Influenza Viruses in Mice: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Serial Passage and Effects of Sialic Acid Structural Variation
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution | Spotlight
    Influenza Viruses in Mice: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Serial Passage and Effects of Sialic Acid Structural Variation

    Mice are commonly used as a model to study the growth and virulence of influenza A viruses in mammals but are not a natural host and have distinct sialic acid receptor profiles compared to humans. Using experimental infections with different subtypes of influenza A virus derived from different hosts, we found that evolution of influenza A virus in mice did not necessarily proceed through the linear accumulation of host-adaptive...

    Brian R. Wasik, Ian E. H. Voorhees, Karen N. Barnard, Brynn K. Alford-Lawrence, Wendy S. Weichert, Grace Hood, Aitor Nogales, Luis Martínez-Sobrido, Edward C. Holmes, Colin R. Parrish
  • Open Access
    Within-Host Multiplication and Speed of Colonization as Infection Traits Associated with Plant Virus Vertical Transmission
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Within-Host Multiplication and Speed of Colonization as Infection Traits Associated with Plant Virus Vertical Transmission

    One of the major factors contributing to plant virus long-distance dispersal is the global trade of seeds. This is because more than 25% of plant viruses can infect seeds, which are the main mode of germplasm exchange/storage, and start new epidemics in areas where they were not previously present. Despite the relevance of this process for virus epidemiology and disease emergence, the infection traits associated with the efficiency of...

    Alberto Cobos, Nuria Montes, Marisa López-Herranz, Miriam Gil-Valle, Israel Pagán
  • A Puzzling Anomaly in the 4-Mer Composition of the Giant Pandoravirus Genomes Reveals a Stringent New Evolutionary Selection Process
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution | Spotlight
    A Puzzling Anomaly in the 4-Mer Composition of the Giant Pandoravirus Genomes Reveals a Stringent New Evolutionary Selection Process

    Recent years have seen the discovery of several families of giant DNA viruses infecting the ubiquitous amoebozoa of the genus Acanthamoeba. With double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes reaching 2.5 Mb in length packaged in oblate particles the size of a bacterium, the pandoraviruses are currently the most complex and largest viruses known. In addition to their spectacular dimensions, the pandoraviruses encode the largest proportion...

    Olivier Poirot, Sandra Jeudy, Chantal Abergel, Jean-Michel Claverie
  • Diversity of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus HKU23 in African Camels Revealed Multiple Recombination Events among Closely Related Betacoronaviruses of the Subgenus Embecovirus
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Diversity of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus HKU23 in African Camels Revealed Multiple Recombination Events among Closely Related Betacoronaviruses of the Subgenus Embecovirus

    Genetic recombination is often demonstrated in coronaviruses and can result in host range expansion or alteration in tissue tropism. Here, we showed interspecies events of recombination of an endemic dromedary camel coronavirus, HKU23, with other clade A betacoronaviruses. Our results supported the possibility that the zoonotic pathogen MERS-CoV, which also cocirculates in the same camel species, may have undergone similar recombination...

    Ray T. Y. So, Daniel K. W. Chu, Eve Miguel, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Jamiu O. Oladipo, Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri, Gelagay Aylet, Ronald L. W. Ko, Ziqi Zhou, Mo-Sheung Cheng, Sulyman A. Kuranga, François L. Roger, Veronique Chevalier, Richard J. Webby, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Leo L. M. Poon, Malik Peiris
  • Deep Mutational Scanning Comprehensively Maps How Zika Envelope Protein Mutations Affect Viral Growth and Antibody Escape
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution | Spotlight
    Deep Mutational Scanning Comprehensively Maps How Zika Envelope Protein Mutations Affect Viral Growth and Antibody Escape

    Zika virus has recently been shown to be associated with severe birth defects. The virus’s E protein mediates its ability to infect cells and is also the primary target of the antibodies that are elicited by natural infection and vaccines that are being developed against the virus. Therefore, determining the effects of mutations to this protein is important for understanding its function, its susceptibility to vaccine-mediated immunity...

    Marion Sourisseau, Daniel J. P. Lawrence, Megan C. Schwarz, Carina H. Storrs, Ethan C. Veit, Jesse D. Bloom, Matthew J. Evans

Virus-Cell Interactions

  • Cellular p32 Is a Critical Regulator of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Nuclear Egress
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Cellular p32 Is a Critical Regulator of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Nuclear Egress

    Circovirus infections are highly prevalent in mammalian and avian species. Circoviral capsid protein is the only structural protein of the virion that plays an essential role in viral assembly. However, the machinery of circovirus nuclear egress is currently unknown. In this work, we identified p32 as a key regulator of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) nuclear egress that forms a complex with the viral capsid (Cap) protein to enhance...

    Tongtong Wang, Qian Du, Yingying Niu, Xiaohua Zhang, Zhenyu Wang, Xingchen Wu, XueFeng Yang, Xiaomin Zhao, Shan-Lu Liu, Dewen Tong, Yong Huang
  • Open Access
    Multiple Pathways To Avoid Beta Interferon Sensitivity of HIV-1 by Mutations in Capsid
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Multiple Pathways To Avoid Beta Interferon Sensitivity of HIV-1 by Mutations in Capsid

    HIV-1 infection causes robust innate immune activation in virus-infected patients. This immune activation is characterized by elevated levels of type I interferons (IFNs), which can block HIV-1 replication. Recent studies suggest that the viral capsid protein (CA) is a determinant for the sensitivity of HIV-1 to IFN-mediated restriction. Specifically, it was reported that the loss of CA interactions with CPSF6 or CypA leads to higher...

    Tahmina Sultana, João I. Mamede, Akatsuki Saito, Hirotaka Ode, Kyotaro Nohata, Romy Cohen, Emi E. Nakayama, Yasumasa Iwatani, Masahiro Yamashita, Thomas J. Hope, Tatsuo Shioda
  • Serine 229 Balances the Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein NS5A between Hypo- and Hyperphosphorylated States
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Serine 229 Balances the Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein NS5A between Hypo- and Hyperphosphorylated States

    This study joins our previous efforts to elucidate how NS5A transits between hypo- and hyperphosphorylated states via phosphorylation on a series of highly conserved serine residues. Of the serine residues, serine 229 is the most interesting since phosphorylation-mimicking and phosphorylation-ablating mutations at this serine residue are both lethal. With a new high-quality antibody specific to serine 229 phosphorylation, we concluded...

    Chia-Ni Tsai, Ting-Chun Pan, Cho-Han Chiang, Chun-Chiao Yu, Shih-Han Su, Ming-Jiun Yu
  • Atlastin Endoplasmic Reticulum-Shaping Proteins Facilitate Zika Virus Replication
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Atlastin Endoplasmic Reticulum-Shaping Proteins Facilitate Zika Virus Replication

    Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and fetal microcephaly as well as other neurological complications. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment against ZIKV. We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-shaping atlastin proteins (ATL1, -2, and -3), which induce ER membrane fusion, facilitate ZIKV replication. We show that ATL3 is recruited to the viral replication site and colocalize...

    Blandine Monel, Maaran Michael Rajah, Mohamed Lamine Hafirassou, Samy Sid Ahmed, Julien Burlaud-Gaillard, Peng-Peng Zhu, Quentin Nevers, Julian Buchrieser, Françoise Porrot, Cécile Meunier, Sonia Amraoui, Maxime Chazal, Audrey Salles, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Philippe Roingeard, Craig Blackstone, Ali Amara, Olivier Schwartz
  • Absence of Signal Peptide Peptidase, an Essential Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein K Binding Partner, Reduces Virus Infectivity <em>In Vivo</em>
    Virus-Cell Interactions | Spotlight
    Absence of Signal Peptide Peptidase, an Essential Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein K Binding Partner, Reduces Virus Infectivity In Vivo

    Glycoprotein K (gK) is an essential and highly conserved HSV-1 protein. Previously, we reported that gK binds to SPP, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, and blocking this binding reduces virus infectivity in vitro and also affects gK and UL20 subcellular localization. To evaluate the function of gK binding to SPP in vivo, we generated SPP-inducible knockout mice and observed the following in the absence of SPP: (i...

    Shaohui Wang, Homayon Ghiasi
  • Enhanced Killing of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Reassortant Reovirus and Topoisomerase Inhibitors
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Enhanced Killing of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Reassortant Reovirus and Topoisomerase Inhibitors

    Patients afflicted by triple-negative breast cancer have decreased survival and limited therapeutic options. Reovirus infection results in cell death of a variety of cancers, but it is unknown if different reovirus types lead to triple-negative breast cancer cell death. In this study, we generated two novel reoviruses that more efficiently infect and kill triple-negative breast cancer cells. We show that infection in the presence of DNA...

    Roxana M. Rodríguez Stewart, Jameson T. L. Berry, Angela K. Berger, Sung Bo Yoon, Aspen L. Hirsch, Jaime A. Guberman, Nirav B. Patel, Gregory K. Tharp, Steven E. Bosinger, Bernardo A. Mainou
  • The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TBK1 Mediates the Degradation of Multiple Picornavirus VP3 Proteins by Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TBK1 Mediates the Degradation of Multiple Picornavirus VP3 Proteins by Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination

    TBK1 is an important adaptor protein required for innate immune response to viruses, but its other functions were unknown. In this study, we found that TBK1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that undergoes self-ubiquitylation in vitro in the presence of the E2 enzyme UbcH5c. In addition, multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins were degraded by TBK1 through its kinase and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Our report provides evidence that TBK1...

    Dan Li, Wenping Yang, Jingjing Ren, Yi Ru, Keshan Zhang, Shaozu Fu, Xiangtao Liu, Haixue Zheng
  • Open Access
    Comprehensive Interactome Analysis Reveals that STT3B Is Required for N-Glycosylation of Lassa Virus Glycoprotein
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Comprehensive Interactome Analysis Reveals that STT3B Is Required for N-Glycosylation of Lassa Virus Glycoprotein

    Glycoproteins play vital roles in the arenavirus life cycle by facilitating virus entry and participating in the virus budding process. N-glycosylation of GPs is responsible for their proper functioning; however, little is known about the host factors on which the virus depends for this process. In this study, a comprehensive LASV GP interactome was characterized, and further study revealed that STT3B-dependent N-glycosylation was...

    Shenglin Zhu, Weiwei Wan, Yanjun Zhang, Weijuan Shang, Xiaoyan Pan, Lei-Ke Zhang, Gengfu Xiao
  • A Conserved Mechanism of APOBEC3 Relocalization by Herpesviral Ribonucleotide Reductase Large Subunits
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    A Conserved Mechanism of APOBEC3 Relocalization by Herpesviral Ribonucleotide Reductase Large Subunits

    The APOBEC3 family of DNA cytosine deaminases constitutes a vital innate immune defense against a range of different viruses. A novel counterrestriction mechanism has recently been uncovered for the gammaherpesvirus EBV, in which a subunit of the viral protein known to produce DNA building blocks (ribonucleotide reductase) causes A3B to relocalize from the nucleus to the cytosol. Here, we extend these observations with A3B to include a...

    Adam Z. Cheng, Sofia N. Moraes, Claire Attarian, Jaime Yockteng-Melgar, Matthew C. Jarvis, Matteo Biolatti, Ganna Galitska, Valentina Dell’Oste, Lori Frappier, Craig J. Bierle, Stephen A. Rice, Reuben S. Harris

Cellular Response to Infection

  • West Nile Virus Infection Blocks Inflammatory Response and T Cell Costimulatory Capacity of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
    Cellular Response to Infection | Spotlight
    West Nile Virus Infection Blocks Inflammatory Response and T Cell Costimulatory Capacity of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

    West Nile virus (WNV) is an encephalitic flavivirus that remains endemic in the United States. Previous studies have found dysfunctional T cell responses correlate to severe disease outcomes during human WNV infection. Here, we sought to better understand the ability of WNV to program human dendritic cells (DCs) to prime WNV-specific T cell responses. While productive infection of monocyte-derived DCs activated antiviral and type I...

    Matthew G. Zimmerman, James R. Bowen, Circe E. McDonald, Bali Pulendran, Mehul S. Suthar
  • STAT5: a Target of Antagonism by Neurotropic Flaviviruses
    Cellular Response to Infection | Spotlight
    STAT5: a Target of Antagonism by Neurotropic Flaviviruses

    Flaviviruses are a diverse group of insect-borne viruses responsible for numerous significant public health threats. Previously, we used a computational biology approach to define molecular signatures of antiviral DC responses following activation of innate immune signaling or infection with West Nile virus (WNV). In this work, we identify STAT5 as a regulator of DC activation and antiviral immune responses downstream of innate immune...

    Matthew G. Zimmerman, James R. Bowen, Circe E. McDonald, Ellen Young, Ralph S. Baric, Bali Pulendran, Mehul S. Suthar
  • U<sub>L</sub>26 Attenuates IKKβ-Mediated Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Gene (ISG) Expression and Enhanced Protein ISGylation during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
    Cellular Response to Infection
    UL26 Attenuates IKKβ-Mediated Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Gene (ISG) Expression and Enhanced Protein ISGylation during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

    Modulation of cellular antiviral signaling is a key determinant of viral pathogenesis. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant source of morbidity in neonates and the immunosuppressed that contains many genes that modulate antiviral signaling, yet how these genes contribute to shaping the host cell’s transcriptional response to infection is largely unclear. Our results indicate that the HCMV UL26 protein is critical in...

    Christopher M. Goodwin, Xenia Schafer, Joshua Munger
  • The Education of NK Cells Determines Their Responsiveness to Autologous HIV-Infected CD4 T Cells
    Cellular Response to Infection
    The Education of NK Cells Determines Their Responsiveness to Autologous HIV-Infected CD4 T Cells

    Epidemiological studies show that natural killer (NK) cells have anti-HIV activity: they are able to reduce the risk of HIV infection and/or slow HIV disease progression. How NK cells contribute to these outcomes is not fully characterized. We used primary NK cells and autologous HIV-infected cells to examine the role of education through four inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) from persons with HLA types that are...

    Zahra Kiani, Franck P. Dupuy, Julie Bruneau, Bertrand Lebouché, Christelle Retière, Daniel E. Geraghty, Nicole F. Bernard

Transformation and Oncogenesis

  • Open Access
    Endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus in Combination with Serotype 2 Marek's Disease Virus Significantly Boosted the Incidence of Lymphoid Leukosis-Like Bursal Lymphomas in Susceptible Chickens
    Transformation and Oncogenesis
    Endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus in Combination with Serotype 2 Marek's Disease Virus Significantly Boosted the Incidence of Lymphoid Leukosis-Like Bursal Lymphomas in Susceptible Chickens

    Lymphoid leukosis (LL)-like lymphoma is a low-incidence yet costly and poorly understood disease of domestic chickens. The observed unique characteristics of LL-like lymphomas are that the incidence of the disease is chicken line dependent; pathologically, it appeared to mimic avian leukosis but is free of exogenous ALV infection; inoculation of the nonpathogenic ALV-E or MDV-2 (SB-1) boosts the incidence of the disease; and inoculation...

    Jody K. Mays, Alexis Black-Pyrkosz, Tamer Mansour, Brian C. Schutte, Shuang Chang, Kunzhe Dong, Henry D. Hunt, Aly M. Fadly, Lei Zhang, Huanmin Zhang

Vaccines and Antiviral Agents

  • A Replication-Defective Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Elicits Humoral Immune Responses Analogous to Those with Natural Infection
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    A Replication-Defective Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Elicits Humoral Immune Responses Analogous to Those with Natural Infection

    In utero HCMV infection can lead to miscarriage or childhood disabilities, and an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Since children born to women who are seropositive prior to pregnancy are less likely to be affected by congenital HCMV infection, it has been hypothesized that a vaccine capable of inducing an immune response resembling the responses in HCMV-seropositive women may be effective. We previously described a...

    Yaping Liu, Daniel C. Freed, Leike Li, Aimin Tang, Fengsheng Li, Edward M. Murray, Stuart P. Adler, Michael A. McVoy, Richard E. Rupp, Diane Barrett, Xiaohua Ye, Ningyan Zhang, Karen Beck, Timothy Culp, Rituparna Das, Liping Song, Kalpit Vora, Hua Zhu, Dai Wang, Amy S. Espeseth, Zhiqiang An, Luwy Musey, Tong-Ming Fu
  • Alternative Virus-Like Particle-Associated Prefusion F Proteins as Maternal Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Alternative Virus-Like Particle-Associated Prefusion F Proteins as Maternal Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus

    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant human pathogen severely impacting neonates and young children, but no vaccine exists to protect this vulnerable population. Furthermore, direct vaccination of neonates is likely ineffective due to the immaturity of their immune system, and neonate immunization is potentially unsafe. Maternal vaccination may be the best and safest approach to the protection of neonates through the...

    Jorge C. G. Blanco, Lurds R. Fernando, Wei Zhang, Arash Kamali, Marina S. Boukhvalova, Lori McGinnes-Cullen, Trudy G. Morrison
  • Type I and Type III Interferons Differ in Their Adjuvant Activities for Influenza Vaccines
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Type I and Type III Interferons Differ in Their Adjuvant Activities for Influenza Vaccines

    Interferons can shape antiviral immune responses, but it is not well understood how they influence vaccine efficacy. We find that type I IFN preferentially promotes the production of antigen-specific IgG2c and IgA antibodies after infection with a live attenuated influenza virus or after immunization with influenza subunit vaccines. In contrast, type III IFN specifically enhances influenza virus-specific IgG1 and IgA production. The...

    Liang Ye, Annette Ohnemus, Li Ching Ong, Hans Henrik Gad, Rune Hartmann, Nils Lycke, Peter Staeheli

Pathogenesis and Immunity

  • Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Inhibited by a Noncanonical Antiviral Signaling Pathway Targeted by NS3-NS4A
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Inhibited by a Noncanonical Antiviral Signaling Pathway Targeted by NS3-NS4A

    The HCV NS3-NS4A protease complex facilitates viral replication by cleaving and inactivating the antiviral innate immune signaling proteins MAVS and Riplet, which are essential for RIG-I activation. NS3-NS4A therefore prevents IRF3 activation and interferon induction during HCV infection. Here, we uncover an amino acid residue within the NS4A transmembrane domain that is essential for inactivation of Riplet but does not affect MAVS...

    Christine Vazquez, Chin Yee Tan, Stacy M. Horner
  • Related Enteric Viruses Have Different Requirements for Host Microbiota in Mice
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Related Enteric Viruses Have Different Requirements for Host Microbiota in Mice

    Recent data indicate that intestinal bacteria promote intestinal infection of several enteric viruses. Here, we show that coxsackievirus, an enteric virus in the picornavirus family, also relies on microbiota for intestinal replication and pathogenesis. Relatively minor depletion of the microbiota was sufficient to decrease coxsackievirus infection, while poliovirus infection was unaffected. Surprisingly, a single dose of one antibiotic...

    Christopher M. Robinson, Mikal A. Woods Acevedo, Broc T. McCune, Julie K. Pfeiffer
  • Equid Herpesvirus 1 Targets the Sensitization and Induction Steps To Inhibit the Type I Interferon Response in Equine Endothelial Cells
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Equid Herpesvirus 1 Targets the Sensitization and Induction Steps To Inhibit the Type I Interferon Response in Equine Endothelial Cells

    To date, no commercial vaccine label has a claim to be fully protective against the diseases caused by equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), especially the neurologic form. The interferon (IFN) system, of which type I IFN is of great importance, still remains a viable immunotherapeutic option against EHV-1 infection. The type I IFN system has been exploited successfully to treat other viral infections, such as chronic hepatitis B and C in humans...

    Fatai S. Oladunni, Sanjay Sarkar, Stephanie Reedy, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, David W. Horohov, Thomas M. Chambers
  • Comprehensive Mutagenesis of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Genome Identifies UL42 as an Inhibitor of Type I Interferon Induction
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Comprehensive Mutagenesis of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Genome Identifies UL42 as an Inhibitor of Type I Interferon Induction

    This work is the first to report the use of a high-throughput mutagenesis method to study the genome of HSV-1. We report three novel viral proteins potentially involved in regulating the host type I interferon response. We describe a novel mechanism by which the viral protein UL42 is able to suppress the production of beta interferon. The tool we introduce in this study can be used to study the HSV-1 genome in great detail to better...

    Maxime Chapon, Kislay Parvatiyar, Saba Roghiyh Aliyari, Jeffrey S. Zhao, Genhong Cheng

Author Correction

  • Free
    Correction for Chiuppesi et al., “Multiantigenic Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccine Vectors To Elicit Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses against Human Cytomegalovirus in Mice”
    Author Correction
    Correction for Chiuppesi et al., “Multiantigenic Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccine Vectors To Elicit Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses against Human Cytomegalovirus in Mice”
    Flavia Chiuppesi, Jenny Nguyen, Soojin Park, Heidi Contreras, Mindy Kha, Zhuo Meng, Teodora Kaltcheva, Angelina Iniguez, Joy Martinez, Corinna La Rosa, Felix Wussow, Don J. Diamond

Masthead

  • Free
    Editorial Board
    Masthead
    Editorial Board
PreviousNext
Back to top

Journal of Virology: 93 (23)

In This Issue

volume 93, issue 23
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Journal Cover & Description

Issue Spotlights

  • Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue
Sign up for alerts

Jump to

  • Spotlight
  • Gem
  • Structure and Assembly
  • Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution
  • Virus-Cell Interactions
  • Cellular Response to Infection
  • Transformation and Oncogenesis
  • Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
  • Pathogenesis and Immunity
  • Author Correction
  • Masthead
  • Most Read
  • Most Cited
Loading
  • Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus
  • COVID-19 Vaccines: “Warp Speed” Needs Mind Melds, Not Warped Minds
  • Nucleocapsid Protein Recruitment to Replication-Transcription Complexes Plays a Crucial Role in Coronaviral Life Cycle
  • Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry
More...

About

  • About JVI
  • Editor in Chief
  • Editorial Board
  • Policies
  • For Reviewers
  • For the Media
  • For Librarians
  • For Advertisers
  • Alerts
  • RSS
  • FAQ
  • Permissions
  • Journal Announcements

Authors

  • ASM Author Center
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Article Types
  • Ethics
  • Contact Us

Follow #Jvirology

@ASMicrobiology

       

 

JVI in collaboration with

American Society for Virology

ASM Journals

ASM journals are the most prominent publications in the field, delivering up-to-date and authoritative coverage of both basic and clinical microbiology.

About ASM | Contact Us | Press Room

 

ASM is a member of

Scientific Society Publisher Alliance

 

American Society for Microbiology
1752 N St. NW
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 737-3600

Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology | Privacy Policy | Website feedback

Print ISSN: 0022-538X; Online ISSN: 1098-5514