Table of Contents
Spotlight
Gems
Structure and Assembly
- Structure and AssemblyCrystal Structure of Classical Swine Fever Virus NS5B Reveals a Novel N-Terminal Domain
- Structure and AssemblyCritical Role of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Capsid N-Terminal Domain for Gag-Gag Interactions and Virus Particle Assembly
Retrovirus particle assembly and release from infected cells is driven by the Gag structural protein. Gag-Gag interactions, which form an oligomeric lattice structure at a particle budding site, are essential to the biogenesis of an infectious virus particle. The CA domain of Gag is generally thought to possess the key determinants for Gag-Gag interactions, and the present study has discovered several critical amino acid residues in the...
- Structure and AssemblyStructural and Functional Features of the Reovirus σ1 Tail
Genetic Diversity and Evolution
- Genetic Diversity and EvolutionSmall Bottleneck Size in a Highly Multipartite Virus during a Complete Infection Cycle
Virus-Cell Interactions
- Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightRegulation of Apolipoprotein E Trafficking by Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Autophagy
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most important human pathogens. Its virion is associated with apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which enhances its infectivity. HCV induces autophagy to enhance its replication. In this report, we demonstrate that autophagy plays an important role in the trafficking of ApoE in HCV-infected cells. This leads to the degradation of ApoE by autophagy. However, if the autophagic protein degradation is inhibited,...
- Virus-Cell InteractionsThe Antiviral Activity of the Cellular Glycoprotein LGALS3BP/90K Is Species Specific
- Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightA Screen for Epstein-Barr Virus Proteins That Inhibit the DNA Damage Response Reveals a Novel Histone Binding Protein
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most people worldwide and is causatively associated with several types of cancer, including ∼10% of gastric carcinomas. EBV encodes ∼80 proteins, many of which are believed to manipulate cellular regulatory pathways but are poorly characterized. The DNA damage response (DDR) is one such pathway that is critical for maintaining genome integrity and preventing cancer-associated mutations. In this study, a...
- Virus-Cell InteractionsKRAB-ZFP Repressors Enforce Quiescence of Oncogenic Human Herpesviruses
- Virus-Cell Interactions | SpotlightIdentification of Plant Virus Receptor Candidates in the Stylets of Their Aphid Vectors
Most noncirculative plant viruses transmitted by insect vectors bind to their mouthparts. They are acquired and inoculated within seconds when insects hop from plant to plant. The receptors involved remain totally elusive due to a long-standing technical bottleneck in working with insect cuticle. Here we characterize the role of the two first cuticular proteins ever identified in arthropod mouthparts. A domain of these proteins is...
- Virus-Cell InteractionsAdenovirus 5 E1A-Mediated Suppression of p53 via FUBP1
- Virus-Cell InteractionsGlycan Binding Specificity and Mechanism of Human and Porcine P[6]/P[19] Rotavirus VP8*s
- Virus-Cell InteractionsOrsay δ Protein Is Required for Nonlytic Viral Egress
An important step of the viral life cycle is how viruses exit from host cells to spread to other cells. Certain nonenveloped viruses can exit cultured cells in nonlytic ways; however, such nonlytic exit has not been demonstrated in vivo. In addition, it is not clear how such nonlytic exit is achieved mechanistically in vivo. Orsay virus is a nonenveloped RNA virus that infects the intestine cells of the nematode...
Cellular Response to Infection
Prions
- Prions | SpotlightLack of Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease to Cynomolgus Macaques
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal prion disease found in deer, elk, and moose. Since it was first discovered in the late 1960s, CWD has now spread to at least 25 U.S. states, 2 Canadian provinces, South Korea, Norway, and Finland. Eradication of CWD from areas of endemicity is very unlikely, and additional spread will occur. As the range and prevalence of CWD increase, so will the potential for human exposure to CWD prions. It is...
Pathogenesis and Immunity
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityShort-Term Pegylated Interferon α2a Treatment Does Not Significantly Reduce the Viral Reservoir of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Rhesus Macaques
The potential of type I interferons to reduce the viral reservoir has been recently studied in clinical trials in HIV-infected humans. However, given the lack of mechanistic data and the potential for safety concerns, a more comprehensive testing of IFN treatment in vivo in SIV-infected RMs is critical to provide rationale for further development of this intervention in humans. Utilizing the SIV/RM model in which virus...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunitySTAT2-Dependent Immune Responses Ensure Host Survival despite the Presence of a Potent Viral Antagonist
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityTRIM21 Promotes Innate Immune Response to RNA Viral Infection through Lys27-Linked Polyubiquitination of MAVS
Activation of innate immunity is essential for host cells to restrict the spread of invading viruses and other pathogens. MAVS plays a critical role in innate immune response to RNA viral infection. In this study, we demonstrated that TRIM21 targets MAVS to positively regulate innate immunity. Notably, TRIM21 targets and catalyzes K27-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS and then promotes the recruitment of TBK1 to MAVS, leading to...
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityT Cell-Derived Lymphotoxin Is Essential for the Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Humoral Immune Response
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityRegulation of Virus-Associated Lymphoma Growth and Gene Expression by Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityInhibitory Effects of HIV-2 Vpx on Replication of HIV-1
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityDengue Virus Induces Increased Activity of the Complement Alternative Pathway in Infected Cells
- Pathogenesis and ImmunityNovel Strategy To Adapt Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus E1 Carrying env from an RV144 Volunteer to Rhesus Macaques: Coreceptor Switch and Final Recovery of a Pathogenic Virus with Exclusive R5 Tropism
Understanding the protective principles that lead to a safe, effective vaccine against HIV in nonhuman primate (NHP) models requires test viruses that allow the evaluation of anti-HIV envelope responses. Reduced HIV acquisition risk in RV144 has been linked to nonneutralizing IgG antibodies with a range of effector activities. Definitive experiments to decipher the mechanisms of the partial protection observed in RV144 require passive-...
Masthead
- MastheadEditorial Board
