Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1
Transmission of B/Brisbane/60/2008 virus from inoculated pigs to contact animals. Eight pigs were inoculated intratracheally and intranasally with influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 virus at a dose of 3 × 106 TCID50/ml. Four contact pigs were comingled with the challenged pigs at 2 days postinfection (dpi) to investigate viral transmission. Six out of 8 inoculated pigs shed virus by nasal cavity, and 2 inoculated pigs did not shed virus. Nasal shedding was detectable in 1 out of 4 contact pigs. Solid lines represent inoculated pigs, while dotted lines are used to represent contact animals.
- FIG 2
Microscopic lung sections from pigs infected with IBVs at 5 days postinfection (dpi). (A) Control pigs. The bronchioles are lined by normal cuboidal epithelium (arrow), and the alveoli are clear (star). (B and C) Infected pigs. Alveolitis is observed in pigs infected with either influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B) or B/Yamagata/16/1988 (C) viruses. Multifocal areas of alveolitis are seen and are characterized by the presence of degenerate and intact neutrophils within the alveolar lumen (star), and there is a thickening of alveolar septa caused by inflammation. No bronchiolar epithelial necrosis is observed in any of the infected pigs. Bars, 50 μm.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Cross-reactivity between influenza A and B viruses tested by HI assay
Antigen HI titer toa: SwH1N1 pdmH1N1 H3N2v B/Yamagata B/Victoria Negative control A/swine/IA/73 (H1N1) 160 ND ND <10 <10 <10 A/California/07/2009 (pdmH1N1) ND 1,280 <10 <10 <10 <10 A/Minnesota/11/2010 (H3N2v) ND <10 640 <10 <10 <10 B/Yamagata lineage (ether treated) B/Wisconsin/1/2010 <10 <10 <10 1,280 40 <10 B/Brisbane/60/2008 <10 <10 <10 40 5,120 <10 ↵a ND, not determined.
- TABLE 2
Summary of the serological survey from 20 virus-positive domestic swine farms by HI assay
Yr of sampling and farm No. of sera positivea for B/Yamagata lineageb Positive (%) No. of sera positive for B/Victoria lineagec Positive (%) 2010-2011 11-A 0/27 0 5/27 (557) 18.5 11-B 0/10 0 2/10 (905) 20.0 11-C 0/7 0 1/7 (640) 16.7 11-D 0/30 0 1/30 (1,280) 3.3 2012 12-A 0/12 0 1/12 (40) 8.3 12-B 4/12 (67)d 33.3 1/12 (40) 8.3 12-E 0/16 0 5/16 (243) 31.3 12-G 1/11 (40) 9.1 0/11 0 12-L 1/13 (40) 7.7 0/13 0 12-T 2/12 (40) 16.7 0/12 0 12-V 1/12 (80) 8.3 0/12 0 12-W 2/10 (40) 20.0 0/10 0 S12-A 2/10 (40) 20.0 1/10 (160) 10.0 S12-B 5/10 (61) 50.0 0/10 0 S12-D 1/10 (160) 10.0 0/10 0 S12-E 1/10 (40) 10.0 0/10 0 S12-G 0/12 0 4/10 (48) 40.0 S12-J 0/5 0 1/5 (320) 20.0 S12-K 4/12 (40) 33.3 0/12 0 S12-S 1/8 (1,280) 12.5 1/8 (160) 12.5 - TABLE 3
Comparison of neutralization and HI antibody titers for a subset of serum samples
Serum sample Neutralization titer HI titer B/Florida/04/06 (B/Yamagata) B/Brisbane/60/08 (B/Victoria) B/Georgia/07/10 (B/Victoria) B/Georgia/07/10 (B/Victoria) B/Florida/04/06 (B/Yamagata) B/Brisbane/60/08 (B/Victoria) Gnotobiotic piglet serum ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S1 (11-A) ≤5 ≥1,280 640 320 ≤5 320 S2 (11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S3 (11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S4 (11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S5 (11-A) ≤5 ≥1,280 ≥1,280 320 ≤5 640 S6 (11-A) ≤5 ≥1,280 ≥1,280 320 ≤5 640 S7 (11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤10 S8 (11-A) ≤5 ≥1,280 ≥1,280 320 ≤5 640 S9 (11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S10 (11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S11(11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S12 (11-A) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S13 (11-B) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S14 (11-B) ≤5 ≥1,280 640 320 ≤5 1,280 S15 (11-B) ≤5 ≥1,280 ≥1,280 320 ≤5 640 S16 (11-C) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S17 (11-C) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S18 (11-C) ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 S19 (11-C) ≤5 ≥1,280 ≥1,280 320 ≤5 640 S20 (11-D) ≤5 ≥1,280 ≥1,280 320 ≤5 1,280 - TABLE 4
Summary of the serological survey in PRRSV-positive and -negative domestic swine farms by HI assay
Farm and PRRSV status No. of sera positivea for B/Yamagata lineageb Positive (%) No. of sera positive for B/Victoria lineagec Positive (%) Positive A 4/10 (48)d 40 0/10 0 B 0/9 0 0/9 0 C 0/6 0 0/6 0 D 29/90 (51) 32.2 48/90 (69) 53.3 Negative A 0/7 0 0/7 0 B 0/9 0 0/9 0 C 0/9 0 0/9 0 D 0/90 0 0/90 0 - TABLE 5
Lung lesions, virus lung replication (BALF virus titer), and seroconversion (HI titers) of infected and contact pigs for the B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage) infection group
Parameter Value for: Infected pigs at: Contact pigs (12 dpc) 5 dpi 14 dpi 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 Lung lesion No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No BALF virus titer <1 2.50 1.67 NDa ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND HI titer <10 <10 <10 40 80 160 40 40 40 <10 <10 <10 ↵a ND, not determined.
- TABLE 6
Lung lesions, virus lung replication (BALF virus titer), and seroconversion (HI titers) of infected and contact pigs for the B/Yamagata/16/1988 (Yamagata lineage) infection group
Parameter Value for: Infected pigs at: Contact pigs (12 dpc) 5 dpi 14 dpi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lung lesion Yes Yes No No No No No BALF virus titer <1 <1 NDa ND ND ND ND HI titer <10 <10 80 40 80 <10 <10 ↵a ND, not determined.
Supplemental material
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental file 1 -
Table S1 (Percentages and hemagglutination inhibition titers for serum samples from 52 swine farms.)
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- Supplemental file 1 -
