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Vaccines and Antiviral Agents

A Multivalent Clade C HIV-1 Env Trimer Cocktail Elicits a Higher Magnitude of Neutralizing Antibodies than Any Individual Component

Christine A. Bricault, James M. Kovacs, Joseph P. Nkolola, Karina Yusim, Elena E. Giorgi, Jennifer L. Shields, James Perry, Christy L. Lavine, Ann Cheung, Katharine Ellingson-Strouss, Cecelia Rademeyer, Glenda E. Gray, Carolyn Williamson, Leonidas Stamatatos, Michael S. Seaman, Bette T. Korber, Bing Chen, Dan H. Barouch
G. Silvestri, Editor
Christine A. Bricault
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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James M. Kovacs
bDivision of Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Joseph P. Nkolola
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Karina Yusim
cTheoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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Elena E. Giorgi
cTheoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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Jennifer L. Shields
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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James Perry
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Christy L. Lavine
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ann Cheung
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Katharine Ellingson-Strouss
dSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, and University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Cecelia Rademeyer
eInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Glenda E. Gray
fPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Carolyn Williamson
eInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Leonidas Stamatatos
gFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Michael S. Seaman
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bette T. Korber
cTheoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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Bing Chen
bDivision of Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dan H. Barouch
aCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
hRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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G. Silvestri
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03331-14
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ABSTRACT

The sequence diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) presents a formidable challenge to the generation of an HIV-1 vaccine. One strategy to address such sequence diversity and to improve the magnitude of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is to utilize multivalent mixtures of HIV-1 envelope (Env) immunogens. Here we report the generation and characterization of three novel, acute clade C HIV-1 Env gp140 trimers (459C, 405C, and 939C), each with unique antigenic properties. Among the single trimers tested, 459C elicited the most potent NAb responses in vaccinated guinea pigs. We evaluated the immunogenicity of various mixtures of clade C Env trimers and found that a quadrivalent cocktail of clade C trimers elicited a greater magnitude of NAbs against a panel of tier 1A and 1B viruses than any single clade C trimer alone, demonstrating that the mixture had an advantage over all individual components of the cocktail. These data suggest that vaccination with a mixture of clade C Env trimers represents a promising strategy to augment vaccine-elicited NAb responses.

IMPORTANCE It is currently not known how to generate potent NAbs to the diverse circulating HIV-1 Envs by vaccination. One strategy to address this diversity is to utilize mixtures of different soluble HIV-1 envelope proteins. In this study, we generated and characterized three distinct, novel, acute clade C soluble trimers. We vaccinated guinea pigs with single trimers as well as mixtures of trimers, and we found that a mixture of four trimers elicited a greater magnitude of NAbs than any single trimer within the mixture. The results of this study suggest that further development of Env trimer cocktails is warranted.

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A Multivalent Clade C HIV-1 Env Trimer Cocktail Elicits a Higher Magnitude of Neutralizing Antibodies than Any Individual Component
Christine A. Bricault, James M. Kovacs, Joseph P. Nkolola, Karina Yusim, Elena E. Giorgi, Jennifer L. Shields, James Perry, Christy L. Lavine, Ann Cheung, Katharine Ellingson-Strouss, Cecelia Rademeyer, Glenda E. Gray, Carolyn Williamson, Leonidas Stamatatos, Michael S. Seaman, Bette T. Korber, Bing Chen, Dan H. Barouch
Journal of Virology Feb 2015, 89 (5) 2507-2519; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03331-14

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A Multivalent Clade C HIV-1 Env Trimer Cocktail Elicits a Higher Magnitude of Neutralizing Antibodies than Any Individual Component
Christine A. Bricault, James M. Kovacs, Joseph P. Nkolola, Karina Yusim, Elena E. Giorgi, Jennifer L. Shields, James Perry, Christy L. Lavine, Ann Cheung, Katharine Ellingson-Strouss, Cecelia Rademeyer, Glenda E. Gray, Carolyn Williamson, Leonidas Stamatatos, Michael S. Seaman, Bette T. Korber, Bing Chen, Dan H. Barouch
Journal of Virology Feb 2015, 89 (5) 2507-2519; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03331-14
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