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Genetic Diversity and Evolution

Worldwide Phylogenetic Relationship of Avian Poxviruses

Miklós Gyuranecz, Jeffrey T. Foster, Ádám Dán, Hon S. Ip, Kristina F. Egstad, Patricia G. Parker, Jenni M. Higashiguchi, Michael A. Skinner, Ursula Höfle, Zsuzsa Kreizinger, Gerry M. Dorrestein, Szabolcs Solt, Endre Sós, Young Jun Kim, Marcela Uhart, Ariel Pereda, Gisela González-Hein, Hector Hidalgo, Juan-Manuel Blanco, Károly Erdélyi
Miklós Gyuranecz
aInstitute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Jeffrey T. Foster
bCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Ádám Dán
cVeterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
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Hon S. Ip
dNational Wildlife Health Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Kristina F. Egstad
dNational Wildlife Health Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Patricia G. Parker
eUniversity of Missouri, St. Louis, and Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Jenni M. Higashiguchi
eUniversity of Missouri, St. Louis, and Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Michael A. Skinner
fSection of Virology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Ursula Höfle
gInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), National Wildlife Research Institute, Ronda de Toledo, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Zsuzsa Kreizinger
aInstitute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Gerry M. Dorrestein
hDutch Research Institute for Birds and Exotic Animals, Veldhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands
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Szabolcs Solt
iBirdlife Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
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Endre Sós
jBudapest Zoo, Budapest, Hungary
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Young Jun Kim
kUniversity of Seoul, Seoul, Seoul National Capital Area, Republic of Korea
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Marcela Uhart
lWildlife Conservation Society, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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Ariel Pereda
mInstituto de Virología CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gisela González-Hein
nUniversity of Chile, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile
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Hector Hidalgo
nUniversity of Chile, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile
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Juan-Manuel Blanco
oAquila Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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Károly Erdélyi
cVeterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
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DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03183-12
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ABSTRACT

Poxvirus infections have been found in 230 species of wild and domestic birds worldwide in both terrestrial and marine environments. This ubiquity raises the question of how infection has been transmitted and globally dispersed. We present a comprehensive global phylogeny of 111 novel poxvirus isolates in addition to all available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus has traditionally relied on one gene region (4b core protein). In this study we expanded the analyses to include a second locus (DNA polymerase gene), allowing for a more robust phylogenetic framework, finer genetic resolution within specific groups, and the detection of potential recombination. Our phylogenetic results reveal several major features of avipoxvirus evolution and ecology and propose an updated avipoxvirus taxonomy, including three novel subclades. The characterization of poxviruses from 57 species of birds in this study extends the current knowledge of their host range and provides the first evidence of the phylogenetic effect of genetic recombination of avipoxviruses. The repeated occurrence of avian family or order-specific grouping within certain clades (e.g., starling poxvirus, falcon poxvirus, raptor poxvirus, etc.) indicates a marked role of host adaptation, while the sharing of poxvirus species within prey-predator systems emphasizes the capacity for cross-species infection and limited host adaptation. Our study provides a broad and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus, an ecologically and environmentally important viral group, to formulate a genome sequencing strategy that will clarify avipoxvirus taxonomy.

  • Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Worldwide Phylogenetic Relationship of Avian Poxviruses
Miklós Gyuranecz, Jeffrey T. Foster, Ádám Dán, Hon S. Ip, Kristina F. Egstad, Patricia G. Parker, Jenni M. Higashiguchi, Michael A. Skinner, Ursula Höfle, Zsuzsa Kreizinger, Gerry M. Dorrestein, Szabolcs Solt, Endre Sós, Young Jun Kim, Marcela Uhart, Ariel Pereda, Gisela González-Hein, Hector Hidalgo, Juan-Manuel Blanco, Károly Erdélyi
Journal of Virology Apr 2013, 87 (9) 4938-4951; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03183-12

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Worldwide Phylogenetic Relationship of Avian Poxviruses
Miklós Gyuranecz, Jeffrey T. Foster, Ádám Dán, Hon S. Ip, Kristina F. Egstad, Patricia G. Parker, Jenni M. Higashiguchi, Michael A. Skinner, Ursula Höfle, Zsuzsa Kreizinger, Gerry M. Dorrestein, Szabolcs Solt, Endre Sós, Young Jun Kim, Marcela Uhart, Ariel Pereda, Gisela González-Hein, Hector Hidalgo, Juan-Manuel Blanco, Károly Erdélyi
Journal of Virology Apr 2013, 87 (9) 4938-4951; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03183-12
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