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Genetic Diversity and Evolution

Indications that Live Poultry Markets Are a Major Source of Human H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in China

Xiu-Feng Wan, Libo Dong, Yu Lan, Li-Ping Long, Cuiling Xu, Shumei Zou, Zi Li, Leying Wen, Zhipeng Cai, Wei Wang, Xiaodan Li, Fan Yuan, Hongtao Sui, Ye Zhang, Jie Dong, Shanhua Sun, Yan Gao, Min Wang, Tian Bai, Lei Yang, Dexin Li, Weizhong Yang, Hongjie Yu, Shiwen Wang, Zijian Feng, Yu Wang, Yuanji Guo, Richard J. Webby, Yuelong Shu
Xiu-Feng Wan
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
2Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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Libo Dong
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Yu Lan
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Li-Ping Long
2Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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Cuiling Xu
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Shumei Zou
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zi Li
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Leying Wen
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zhipeng Cai
2Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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Wei Wang
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Xiaodan Li
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Fan Yuan
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Hongtao Sui
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Ye Zhang
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Jie Dong
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Shanhua Sun
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Yan Gao
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Min Wang
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Tian Bai
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Lei Yang
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Dexin Li
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Weizhong Yang
3Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Hongjie Yu
3Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Shiwen Wang
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zijian Feng
3Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Yu Wang
3Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Yuanji Guo
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Richard J. Webby
4St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Yuelong Shu
1State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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  • For correspondence: yshu@cnic.org.cn
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.05266-11
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ABSTRACT

Human infections of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have continued to occur in China without corresponding outbreaks in poultry, and there is little conclusive evidence of the source of these infections. Seeking to identify the source of the human infections, we sequenced 31 H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in China (2005 to 2010). We found a number of viral genotypes, not all of which have similar known avian virus counterparts. Guided by patient questionnaire data, we also obtained environmental samples from live poultry markets and dwellings frequented by six individuals prior to disease onset (2008 and 2009). H5N1 viruses were isolated from 4 of the 6 live poultry markets sampled. In each case, the genetic sequences of the environmental and corresponding human isolates were highly similar, demonstrating a link between human infection and live poultry markets. Therefore, infection control measures in live poultry markets are likely to reduce human H5N1 infection in China.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 31 May 2011.
    • Accepted 22 September 2011.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 5 October 2011.
  • ↵† Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.05266-11.

  • Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Indications that Live Poultry Markets Are a Major Source of Human H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in China
Xiu-Feng Wan, Libo Dong, Yu Lan, Li-Ping Long, Cuiling Xu, Shumei Zou, Zi Li, Leying Wen, Zhipeng Cai, Wei Wang, Xiaodan Li, Fan Yuan, Hongtao Sui, Ye Zhang, Jie Dong, Shanhua Sun, Yan Gao, Min Wang, Tian Bai, Lei Yang, Dexin Li, Weizhong Yang, Hongjie Yu, Shiwen Wang, Zijian Feng, Yu Wang, Yuanji Guo, Richard J. Webby, Yuelong Shu
Journal of Virology Nov 2011, 85 (24) 13432-13438; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.05266-11

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Indications that Live Poultry Markets Are a Major Source of Human H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in China
Xiu-Feng Wan, Libo Dong, Yu Lan, Li-Ping Long, Cuiling Xu, Shumei Zou, Zi Li, Leying Wen, Zhipeng Cai, Wei Wang, Xiaodan Li, Fan Yuan, Hongtao Sui, Ye Zhang, Jie Dong, Shanhua Sun, Yan Gao, Min Wang, Tian Bai, Lei Yang, Dexin Li, Weizhong Yang, Hongjie Yu, Shiwen Wang, Zijian Feng, Yu Wang, Yuanji Guo, Richard J. Webby, Yuelong Shu
Journal of Virology Nov 2011, 85 (24) 13432-13438; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.05266-11
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