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Pathogenesis and Immunity

Influences of Glycosylation on Antigenicity, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of Ebola Virus GP DNA Vaccines

William Dowling, Elizabeth Thompson, Catherine Badger, Jenny L. Mellquist, Aura R. Garrison, Jeffery M. Smith, Jason Paragas, Robert J. Hogan, Connie Schmaljohn
William Dowling
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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Elizabeth Thompson
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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Catherine Badger
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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Jenny L. Mellquist
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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Aura R. Garrison
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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Jeffery M. Smith
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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Jason Paragas
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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Robert J. Hogan
2University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Connie Schmaljohn
1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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  • For correspondence: connie.Schmaljohn@amedd.army.mil
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02098-06
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ABSTRACT

The Ebola virus (EBOV) envelope glycoprotein (GP) is the primary target of protective immunity. Mature GP consists of two disulfide-linked subunits, GP1 and membrane-bound GP2. GP is highly glycosylated with both N- and O-linked carbohydrates. We measured the influences of GP glycosylation on antigenicity, immunogenicity, and protection by testing DNA vaccines comprised of GP genes with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites or with deletions in the central hypervariable mucin region. We showed that mutation of one of the two N-linked GP2 glycosylation sites was highly detrimental to the antigenicity and immunogenicity of GP. Our data indicate that this is likely due to the inability of GP2 and GP1 to dimerize at the cell surface and suggest that glycosylation at this site is required for achieving the conformational integrity of GP2 and GP1. In contrast, mutation of two N-linked sites on GP1, which flank previously defined protective antibody epitopes on GP, may enhance immunogenicity, possibly by unmasking epitopes. We further showed that although deleting the mucin region apparently had no effect on antigenicity in vitro, it negatively impacted the elicitation of protective immunity in mice. In addition, we confirmed the presence of previously identified B-cell and T-cell epitopes in GP but show that when analyzed individually none of them were neither absolutely required nor sufficient for protective immunity to EBOV. Finally, we identified other potential regions of GP that may contain relevant antibody or T-cell epitopes.

  • Copyright © 2007 American Society for Microbiology
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Influences of Glycosylation on Antigenicity, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of Ebola Virus GP DNA Vaccines
William Dowling, Elizabeth Thompson, Catherine Badger, Jenny L. Mellquist, Aura R. Garrison, Jeffery M. Smith, Jason Paragas, Robert J. Hogan, Connie Schmaljohn
Journal of Virology Jan 2007, 81 (4) 1821-1837; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02098-06

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Influences of Glycosylation on Antigenicity, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of Ebola Virus GP DNA Vaccines
William Dowling, Elizabeth Thompson, Catherine Badger, Jenny L. Mellquist, Aura R. Garrison, Jeffery M. Smith, Jason Paragas, Robert J. Hogan, Connie Schmaljohn
Journal of Virology Jan 2007, 81 (4) 1821-1837; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02098-06
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KEYWORDS

Ebola Vaccines
ebolavirus
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
vaccination
Viral Envelope Proteins

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Print ISSN: 0022-538X; Online ISSN: 1098-5514