Human Leukocyte Antigen B58 Supertype and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Native Africans

DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02119-05

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FIG. 1.
Viral load distribution of HLA-B58 supertype alleles in Zambians. Horizontal bars correspond to median viral loads. The P values were derived from the Mann-Whitney test, and only P values of <0.1 are shown.
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FIG. 2.
(a) Distribution of HLA-B58 supertype alleles within three VL categories in Zambians. The vertical bars represent the proportions of subjects with a particular B58s allele within each category. The number of subjects with a B58s allele is shown at the top of the bar for each category. P values were calculated with the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. (b) Distribution of HLA-B58 supertype alleles within three HIV-1 disease progression groups of Rwandans. The vertical bars represent the proportions of subjects with a B58s allele within each group. The number of subjects with a B58s allele is shown at the top of the bar for each category. P values were derived from the Jonckheere-Terpstra test.

TABLE 1.

Effects of HLA-B58s alleles on HIV-1 VL, stratified according to heterosexual HIV-1 transmission categories in Zambians^a

HLA-B58s allele	Seroprevalent subjects^b (n = 276)				Seroconverters^c (n = 147)				Combined groups (n = 423)
HLA-B58s allele	No.	Mean	ΔVL^d	P	No.	Mean	ΔVL	P	No.	Mean	ΔVL	P
B58s	85	4.64	−0.16	0.14	42	4.47	−0.08	0.59	127	4.58	−0.12	0.18
B*5801	27	4.49	−0.28	0.06	13	4.56	+0.04	0.86	40	4.52	−0.16	0.23
B*5802	18	5.17	+0.46	0.001	14	4.74	+0.24	0.28	32	4.97	+0.33	0.02
B*5703	35	4.5	−0.28	0.07	11	3.98	−0.59	0.01	46	4.36	−0.34	0.01
B1516-1517	10	4.66	−0.09	0.69	4	—^e	—	—	14	4.77	+0.12	0.53

↵a All estimates are from the univariate GEE models.
↵b Seroprevalent subjects, seropositive index partners who were HIV-1 positive at the time of study entry.
↵c Seroconverters, partners of discordant couples who seroconverted during follow-up.
↵d ΔVL values correspond to beta coefficients from the GEE models.
↵e —, not reported due to instability of estimates.

TABLE 2.

Linear association^a of HLA-B58s and HLA-C alleles with HIV-1 viral load in Zambians

B58s and Cw alleles carried by group	Mean^b	ΔVL^c	P
B5703-Cw18 haplotype (n = 38)^d	4.24	−0.47	<0.001
Cw18⁺ B5703⁺ (n = 38) vs. Cw18⁺ B5703⁻ (n = 28)	4.25	−0.14	0.52
Cw18⁻ B5703⁺ (n = 8) vs. Cw18⁻ B5703⁻ (n = 348)	5.0	+0.27	0.31
B5703⁺ Cw18⁺ (n = 38) vs. B5703⁺ Cw18⁻ (n = 8)	4.25	−0.72	<0.01
B5703⁻ Cw18⁺ (n = 28)^f vs. B5703⁻ Cw18⁻ (n = 349)	4.39	−0.34	0.03
B5802-Cw06 haplotype (n = 30)^d	4.95	+0.31	0.03
Cw06⁺ B5802⁺ (n = 30) vs. Cw06⁺ B5802⁻ (n = 59)	4.95	+0.47	<0.01
Cw06⁻ B5802⁺ (n = 2) vs. Cw06⁻ B5802⁻ (n = 332)	—^e	—	—
B5802⁻ Cw06⁺ (n = 59) vs. B5802⁻ Cw06⁻ (n = 332)	4.48	−0.19	0.14
B5801-Cw03 haplotype (n = 13)^d	4.18	−0.5	0.05
Cw03⁺ B5801⁺ (n = 13) vs. Cw03⁺ B5801⁻ (n = 39)	4.23	−0.52	0.07
Cw03⁻ B5801⁺ (n = 27) vs. Cw03⁻ B5801⁻ (n = 344)	4.68	+0.01	0.92
B5801⁺ Cw03⁺ (n = 13) vs. B5801⁺ Cw03⁻ (n = 27)	4.23	−0.43	0.12
B5801⁻ Cw03⁺ (n = 39) vs. B5801⁻Cw03⁻ (n = 344)	4.75	+0.08	0.61

↵a Assessed by GEE.
↵b Corresponds to mean log₁₀ VL of haplotype or the first group of comparison strata.
↵c Corresponds to beta coefficients from the GEE models.
↵d Compared to the absence of haplotype.
↵e Not reported due to instability of estimates.
↵f Six Cw*18-positive subjects had lower VLs (mean = 4.4, Δlog₁₀ VL = −0.33, P = 0.3) after exclusion of 22 B*8101-positive subjects