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- Vaccines and Antiviral AgentsNucleic Acid Polymers Are Active against Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection In Vitro
GemImpact of Replication Stress in Human Papillomavirus PathogenesisThe inactivation of critical cell cycle checkpoints by the human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 results in replication stress (RS) that leads to genomic instability in premalignant lesions. Intriguingly, RS tolerance is achieved through several mechanisms, enabling HPV to exploit the cellular RS response for viral replication and to facilitate viral persistence in the presence of DNA damage.
GemGoing the Distance: Optimizing RNA-Seq Strategies for Transcriptomic Analysis of Complex Viral GenomesTranscriptome profiling has become routine in studies of many biological processes. However, the favored approaches such as short-read Illumina RNA sequencing are giving way to long-read sequencing platforms better suited to interrogating the complex transcriptomes typical of many RNA and DNA viruses.
Structure and AssemblyEncapsidation of Viral RNA in Picornavirales: Studies on Cowpea Mosaic Virus Demonstrate Dependence on Viral ReplicationThe mechanism whereby members of the order Picornavirales specifically package their genomic RNAs is poorly understood. Research with monopartite members of the order, such as poliovirus, indicated that packaging is linked to replication, although the presence of “packaging signals” along the length of the viral RNA has also been suggested. Thanks to the bipartite nature of the CPMV genome, which allows the manipulation of RNA-...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionExtensive Diversity of RNA Viruses in Australian TicksEach year a growing number of individuals along the east coast of Australia experience debilitating disease following tick bites. As there is no evidence for the presence of the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in Australian ticks, the etiological basis of...
Genetic Diversity and EvolutionMetagenomic Sequencing of HIV-1 in the Blood and Female Genital Tract Reveals Little Quasispecies Diversity during Acute InfectionDue to error-prone replication, HIV-1 generates a diverse population of viruses within a chronically infected individual. When HIV-1 is transmitted to a new individual, one or a few viruses establish the new infection, leading to a genetic bottleneck in the virus population. Understanding the timing and nature of this bottleneck may provide insight into HIV-1 vaccine design and other preventative strategies. We examined the HIV-1...
Cellular Response to InfectionDUSP10 Negatively Regulates the Inflammatory Response to Rhinovirus through Interleukin-1β SignalingRhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune...
Pathogenesis and ImmunityMutation of Influenza A Virus PA-X Decreases Pathogenicity in Chicken Embryos and Can Increase the Yield of Reassortant Candidate Vaccine VirusesInfluenza A virus is a widespread pathogen that affects both humans and a variety of animal species, causing regular epidemics and sporadic pandemics, with major public health and economic consequences. A better understanding of virus biology is therefore important. The primary control measure is vaccination, which for humans mostly relies on antigens produced in eggs from PR8-based viruses bearing the glycoprotein genes of interest....
Pathogenesis and ImmunityAcute Infection and Subsequent Subclinical Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 after Vaginal Inoculation of Rhesus MacaquesHerpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infects nearly 500 million persons globally, with an estimated 21 million incident cases each year, making it one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HSV-2 is associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition, and this risk does not decline with the use of antiherpes drugs. As initial acquisition of both HIV and HSV-2 infections is subclinical, study...