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Journal of Virology
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  • CHIKV Replication Rate and Mosquito Transmission
    CHIKV Replication Rate and Mosquito Transmission
  • Increased Disease Severity with RSV 2stop+A4G Variant
    Increased Disease Severity with RSV 2stop+A4G Variant
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Editorial

  • Free
    The Decision To Publish Gutierrez-Alvarez et al., “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Gene 5 Modulates Pathogenesis in Mice”
    Editorial
    The Decision To Publish Gutierrez-Alvarez et al., “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Gene 5 Modulates Pathogenesis in Mice”
    Mark Heise, Terence S. Dermody, Arturo Casadevall, Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin, Patrick D. Schloss

Spotlight

  • Free
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue
    Spotlight
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue

Structure and Assembly

  • Open Access
    Capsid Structure of <em>Leishmania</em> RNA Virus 1
    Structure and Assembly
    Capsid Structure of Leishmania RNA Virus 1

    Twelve million people worldwide suffer from leishmaniasis, resulting in more than 30 thousand deaths annually. The disease has several variants that differ in their symptoms.

    Michaela Procházková, Tibor Füzik, Danyil Grybchuk, Francesco Luca Falginella, Lucie Podešvová, Vyacheslav Yurchenko, Robert Vácha, Pavel Plevka
  • Open Access
    The SARS-CoV-2 Conserved Macrodomain Is a Mono-ADP-Ribosylhydrolase
    Structure and Assembly
    The SARS-CoV-2 Conserved Macrodomain Is a Mono-ADP-Ribosylhydrolase

    SARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged into the human population and has led to a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 that has caused more than 1.2 million deaths worldwide. With no currently approved treatments, novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed.

    Yousef M. O. Alhammad, Maithri M. Kashipathy, Anuradha Roy, Jean-Philippe Gagné, Peter McDonald, Philip Gao, Louis Nonfoux, Kevin P. Battaile, David K. Johnson, Erik D. Holmstrom, Guy G. Poirier, Scott Lovell, Anthony R. Fehr
  • N-Linked Glycosylation Plays an Important Role in Budding of Neuraminidase Protein and Virulence of Influenza Viruses
    Structure and Assembly
    N-Linked Glycosylation Plays an Important Role in Budding of Neuraminidase Protein and Virulence of Influenza Viruses

    NA is a highly glycosylated protein. Nevertheless, how the NLG affects the function of NA protein remains largely unclear.

    Danqi Bao, Ruixue Xue, Min Zhang, Chenyang Lu, Tianxin Ma, Chaochao Ren, Ting Zhang, Jianmei Yang, Qiaoyang Teng, Xuesong Li, Zejun Li, Qinfang Liu
  • Characterization of Localization and Export Signals of Bovine Torovirus Nucleocapsid Protein Responsible for Extensive Nuclear and Nucleolar Accumulation and Their Importance for Virus Growth
    Structure and Assembly
    Characterization of Localization and Export Signals of Bovine Torovirus Nucleocapsid Protein Responsible for Extensive Nuclear and Nucleolar Accumulation and Their Importance for Virus Growth

    ToVs are diarrhea-causing pathogens detected in many species, including humans. BToV has spread worldwide, leading to economic loss, and there is currently no treatment or vaccine available.

    Makoto Ujike, Yukako Kawachi, Yui Matsunaga, Yuka Etho, Hideki Asanuma, Wataru Kamitani, Fumihiro Taguchi

Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression

  • cDNA-Derived RNA Phage Assembly Reveals Critical Residues in the Maturation Protein of the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Leviphage PP7
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    cDNA-Derived RNA Phage Assembly Reveals Critical Residues in the Maturation Protein of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Leviphage PP7

    The biological significance of RNA phages has been largely ignored, ironically, because few studies have focused on RNA phages. As an initial attempt to properly represent RNA phages in the phageome, we previously created, by using reverse-transcribed cDNA, a reverse genetic system for the small RNA phage PP7, which infects the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas...

    Eun Sook Kim, Jae-Yeol Lee, Chanseop Park, Se-Jeong Ahn, Hee-Won Bae, You-Hee Cho
  • Characterization of Hepatitis B Precore/Core-Related Antigens
    Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression
    Characterization of Hepatitis B Precore/Core-Related Antigens

    Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection afflicts approximately 257 million people, who are at high risk of progressing to chronic liver diseases, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapies rarely achieve cure of HBV infection due to the persistence of the HBV episome, the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), in the nuclei of infected hepatocytes. Peripheral markers of cccDNA levels and...

    Xupeng Hong, Laurie Luckenbaugh, Megan Mendenhall, Renae Walsh, Liza Cabuang, Sally Soppe, Peter A. Revill, Dara Burdette, Becket Feierbach, William Delaney, Jianming Hu

Genetic Diversity and Evolution

  • Open Access
    A Founder Effect Led Early SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Spain
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    A Founder Effect Led Early SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Spain

    Multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions have been detected in Spain, and at least four resulted in the emergence of locally transmitted clusters that originated not later than mid-February, with further dissemination to many other countries around the world, and a few weeks before the explosion of COVID-19 cases detected in Spain during the first week of March. The majority of the earliest variants detected in Spain branched in the clade 19B...

    Francisco Díez-Fuertes, María Iglesias-Caballero, Javier García-Pérez, Sara Monzón, Pilar Jiménez, Sarai Varona, Isabel Cuesta, Ángel Zaballos, Mercedes Jiménez, Laura Checa, Francisco Pozo, Mayte Pérez-Olmeda, Michael M. Thomson, José Alcamí, Inmaculada Casas
  • Virome of Bat Guano from Nine Northern California Roosts
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Virome of Bat Guano from Nine Northern California Roosts

    Characterizing the bat virome is important for understanding viral diversity and detecting viral spillover between animal species. Using an unbiased metagenomics method, we characterize the virome in guano collected from multiple roosts of common Northern California bat species. We describe several novel viral genomes and report the detection of viruses with close relatives reported in other bat species, likely reflecting cross-species...

    Yanpeng Li, Eda Altan, Gabriel Reyes, Brian Halstead, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart
  • Unexpected Discovery and Expression of Amphibian Class II Endogenous Retroviruses
    Genetic Diversity and Evolution
    Unexpected Discovery and Expression of Amphibian Class II Endogenous Retroviruses

    Class II retroviruses, largely distributed among mammals and birds, are of particular importance for medicine and economics. Class II ERVs have been discovered in a range of vertebrates, with the exception of amphibians, which are known only to possess class I and class III-like ERVs.

    Mingyue Chen, Xiaoxia Guo, Lei Zhang

Virus-Cell Interactions

  • Open Access
    The Inflammasome Components NLRP3 and ASC Act in Concert with IRGM To Rearrange the Golgi Apparatus during Hepatitis C Virus Infection
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    The Inflammasome Components NLRP3 and ASC Act in Concert with IRGM To Rearrange the Golgi Apparatus during Hepatitis C Virus Infection

    Numerous pathogens can affect cellular homeostasis and organelle dynamics. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers Golgi fragmentation through the immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), a resident Golgi protein, to enhance its lipid supply for replication.

    Coralie F. Daussy, Sarah C. Monard, Coralie Guy, Sara Muñoz-González, Maxime Chazal, Marit W. Anthonsen, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Thomas Henry, Marlène Dreux, Eliane F. Meurs, Marianne Doré Hansen
  • Dual Pathways of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trafficking Modulate the Selective Exclusion of Uncleaved Oligomers from Virions
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Dual Pathways of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trafficking Modulate the Selective Exclusion of Uncleaved Oligomers from Virions

    The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediate the entry of the virus into host cells and serve as targets for neutralizing antibodies. The cleaved, functional Env is incorporated into virus particles from the surface of the infected cell. We found that an uncleaved form of Env is transported to the cell surface by an unconventional route, but this nonfunctional Env is...

    Shijian Zhang, Hanh T. Nguyen, Haitao Ding, Jia Wang, Shitao Zou, Lihong Liu, Debjani Guha, Dana Gabuzda, David D. Ho, John C. Kappes, Joseph Sodroski
  • Prohibitin-1 Contributes to Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 via the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Prohibitin-1 Contributes to Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 via the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway

    Herpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens of various animals, including humans. These viruses primarily pass through cell junctions to spread to uninfected cells.

    Mizuki Watanabe, Jun Arii, Kosuke Takeshima, Ayano Fukui, Masayuki Shimojima, Hiroko Kozuka-Hata, Masaaki Oyama, Takeharu Minamitani, Teruhito Yasui, Yuji Kubota, Mutsuhiro Takekawa, Isao Kosugi, Yuhei Maruzuru, Naoto Koyanagi, Akihisa Kato, Yasuko Mori, Yasushi Kawaguchi
  • Human Noroviruses Attach to Intestinal Tissues of a Broad Range of Animal Species
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Human Noroviruses Attach to Intestinal Tissues of a Broad Range of Animal Species

    Noroviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. New norovirus variants and recombinants (re)emerge regularly in the human population. From animal experiments and surveillance studies, it has become clear that at least seven animal models are susceptible to infection with human strains and that domesticated and wild animals shed human noroviruses in their feces. As virus attachment is an important first step for...

    Nele Villabruna, Claudia M. E. Schapendonk, Georgina I. Aron, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Miranda de Graaf
  • Human Cytomegalovirus Interactions with the Basement Membrane Protein Nidogen 1
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Human Cytomegalovirus Interactions with the Basement Membrane Protein Nidogen 1

    We have found that HCMV infection promotes the elimination of the developmentally important basement membrane protein nidogen 1 (NID1) from its host. The virus both decreased transcription and induced degradation of expressed protein.

    Man I Kuan, Hannah K. Jaeger, Onesmo B. Balemba, John M. O’Dowd, Deborah Duricka, Holger Hannemann, Emmerentia Marx, Natacha Teissier, Liliana Gabrielli, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Elizabeth M. Keithley, Elizabeth A. Fortunato
  • CD300lf Conditional Knockout Mouse Reveals Strain-Specific Cellular Tropism of Murine Norovirus
    Virus-Cell Interactions | Spotlight
    CD300lf Conditional Knockout Mouse Reveals Strain-Specific Cellular Tropism of Murine Norovirus

    Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting in up to 200,000 deaths each year. The receptor and cell tropism of HuNoV in immunocompetent humans are unclear.

    Vincent R. Graziano, Mia Madel Alfajaro, Cameron O. Schmitz, Renata B. Filler, Madison S. Strine, Jin Wei, Leon L. Hsieh, Megan T. Baldridge, Timothy J. Nice, Sanghyun Lee, Robert C. Orchard, Craig B. Wilen
  • Enterovirus D68 Protease 2A<sup>pro</sup> Targets TRAF3 To Subvert Host Innate Immune Responses
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Enterovirus D68 Protease 2Apro Targets TRAF3 To Subvert Host Innate Immune Responses

    Human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) has received considerable attention recently as a global reemergent pathogen because it causes severe respiratory tract infections and acute flaccid myelitis. The nonstructural protein 2A protease (2Apro) of EV, which functions in cleavage of host proteins, comprises an essential part of the viral immune evasion process. However, the pathogenic mechanism of EV-D68 is not fully understood. Here,...

    Jun Kang, Zheng Pang, Zhenwei Zhou, Xianhuang Li, Sihua Liu, Jinyan Cheng, Peiyuan Liu, Wenjie Tan, Zhiyun Wang, Tao Wang
  • Chikungunya Virus Replication Rate Determines the Capacity of Crossing Tissue Barriers in Mosquitoes
    Virus-Cell Interactions | Spotlight
    Chikungunya Virus Replication Rate Determines the Capacity of Crossing Tissue Barriers in Mosquitoes

    It is well established that selective pressures in mosquito vectors impose population bottlenecks for arboviruses. Here, we used a CHIKV Caribbean lineage mutant carrying a deletion in the 3′ UTR to study host-virus interactions in vivo in the epidemic mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. We found that the mutant virus had a delayed replication rate in mosquitoes,...

    Fernando Merwaiss, Claudia V. Filomatori, Yasutsugu Susuki, Eugenia S. Bardossy, Diego E. Alvarez, María-Carla Saleh
  • Open Access
    TRAF6 and TAK1 Contribute to SAMHD1-Mediated Negative Regulation of NF-κB Signaling
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    TRAF6 and TAK1 Contribute to SAMHD1-Mediated Negative Regulation of NF-κB Signaling

    Cells respond to pathogen infection by activating a complex innate immune signaling pathway, which culminates in the activation of transcription factors and secretion of a family of functionally and genetically related cytokines. However, excessive immune activation may cause tissue damage and detrimental effects on the host.

    Constanza E. Espada, Corine St. Gelais, Serena Bonifati, Victoria V. Maksimova, Michael P. Cahill, Sun Hee Kim, Li Wu
  • Human Papillomavirus 16 L2 Recruits both Retromer and Retriever Complexes during Retrograde Trafficking of the Viral Genome to the Cell Nucleus
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    Human Papillomavirus 16 L2 Recruits both Retromer and Retriever Complexes during Retrograde Trafficking of the Viral Genome to the Cell Nucleus

    Previous studies identified sorting nexins 17 and 27, as well as the retromer complex, as playing a role in HPV infection. This study shows that the newly identified retriever complex also plays an important role and begins to shed light on how both sorting nexins contribute to retromer and retriever recruitment during the infection process.

    David Pim, Justyna Broniarczyk, Abida Siddiqa, Paola Massimi, Lawrence Banks
  • CD34<sup>+</sup> Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Subsets Exhibit Differential Ability To Maintain Human Cytomegalovirus Latency and Persistence
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Subsets Exhibit Differential Ability To Maintain Human Cytomegalovirus Latency and Persistence

    Human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with severe disease in transplant patients, and understanding how latency and reactivation occur in stem cell populations is essential to understand disease. CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are a critical viral reservoir; however, these cells are a heterogeneous pool with donor-to-donor variation in functional, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics.

    ...
    Lindsey B. Crawford, Meaghan H. Hancock, Hillary M. Struthers, Daniel N. Streblow, Andrew D. Yurochko, Patrizia Caposio, Felicia D. Goodrum, Jay A. Nelson
  • The Vaccinia Virus B12 Pseudokinase Represses Viral Replication via Interaction with the Cellular Kinase VRK1 and Activation of the Antiviral Effector BAF
    Virus-Cell Interactions
    The Vaccinia Virus B12 Pseudokinase Represses Viral Replication via Interaction with the Cellular Kinase VRK1 and Activation of the Antiviral Effector BAF

    Viruses from diverse families encode both positive and negative regulators of viral replication. While their functions can sometimes be enigmatic, investigation of virus-encoded, negative regulators of viral replication has revealed fascinating aspects of virology.

    Amber B. Rico, Alexandria C. Linville, Annabel T. Olson, Zhigang Wang, Matthew S. Wiebe

Cellular Response to Infection

  • Open Access
    Novel Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus 1 VC2 Promotes Long-Lasting, Systemic Anti-melanoma Tumor Immune Responses and Increased Survival in an Immunocompetent B16F10-Derived Mouse Melanoma Model
    Cellular Response to Infection
    Novel Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus 1 VC2 Promotes Long-Lasting, Systemic Anti-melanoma Tumor Immune Responses and Increased Survival in an Immunocompetent B16F10-Derived Mouse Melanoma Model

    Current oncolytic virotherapies possess limited response rates. However, when certain patient selection criteria are used, oncolytic virotherapy response rates have been shown to increase.

    Ifeanyi Kingsley Uche, Natalie Fowlkes, Luan Vu, Tatiane Watanabe, Mariano Carossino, Rafiq Nabi, Fabio del Piero, Jared S. Rudd, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Paul J. F. Rider
  • Open Access
    Dissecting Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Induced Host Shutoff at the RNA Level
    Cellular Response to Infection | Spotlight
    Dissecting Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Induced Host Shutoff at the RNA Level

    The HSV-1 virion host shutoff (vhs) protein efficiently cleaves both host and viral mRNAs in a translation-dependent manner. In this study, we model and quantify changes in vhs activity, as well as virus-induced global loss of host transcriptional activity, during productive HSV-1 infection. In general, HSV-1-induced alterations in total RNA levels were dominated by these two global effects. In contrast, chromatin-...

    Caroline C. Friedel, Adam W. Whisnant, Lara Djakovic, Andrzej J. Rutkowski, Marie-Sophie Friedl, Michael Kluge, James C. Williamson, Somesh Sai, Ramon Oliveira Vidal, Sascha Sauer, Thomas Hennig, Arnhild Grothey, Andrea Milić, Bhupesh K. Prusty, Paul J. Lehner, Nicholas J. Matheson, Florian Erhard, Lars Dölken

Vaccines and Antiviral Agents

  • Open Access
    Identification of an Antiretroviral Small Molecule That Appears To Be a Host-Targeting Inhibitor of HIV-1 Assembly
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents | Spotlight
    Identification of an Antiretroviral Small Molecule That Appears To Be a Host-Targeting Inhibitor of HIV-1 Assembly

    The success of antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1 is at risk of being undermined by the growing problem of drug resistance. Thus, there is a need to identify antiretrovirals that act on viral life cycle stages not targeted by drugs in use, such as the events of HIV-1 Gag assembly. To address this gap, we developed a compound screen that recapitulates the intracellular events of HIV-1 assembly, including virus-host interactions that...

    Jonathan C. Reed, Dennis Solas, Anatoliy Kitaygorodskyy, Beverly Freeman, Dylan T. B. Ressler, Daryl J. Phuong, J. Victor Swain, Kent Matlack, Clarence R. Hurt, Vishwanath R. Lingappa, Jaisri R. Lingappa
  • A Novel Live Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate with Mutations in the L Protein SAM Binding Site and the G Protein Cleavage Site Is Protective in Cotton Rats and a Rhesus Macaque
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    A Novel Live Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate with Mutations in the L Protein SAM Binding Site and the G Protein Cleavage Site Is Protective in Cotton Rats and a Rhesus Macaque

    Globally, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of death in children under 1 year of age, yet no vaccine is available. We have generated a novel RSV live attenuated vaccine candidate containing mutations in the L and G proteins.

    Tiffany Jenkins, Rongzhang Wang, Olivia Harder, Miaoge Xue, Phylip Chen, Jacqueline Corry, Christopher Walker, Michael Teng, Asuncion Mejias, Octavio Ramilo, Stefan Niewiesk, Jianrong Li, Mark E. Peeples
  • Systematic Assessment of Antiviral Potency, Breadth, and Synergy of Triple Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Combinations against Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Systematic Assessment of Antiviral Potency, Breadth, and Synergy of Triple Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Combinations against Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

    Optimal bNAb immunotherapeutics will need to mediate multiple antiviral functions against a broad range of HIV strains. Our systematic assessment of triple bNAb combinations against SHIVs will identify bNAbs with synergistic, polyfunctional antiviral activity that will inform the selection of candidate bNAbs for optimal combination designs. The identified combinations can be validated in vivo in future passive immunization...

    Stella J. Berendam, Tiffany M. Styles, Papa K. Morgan-Asiedu, DeAnna Tenney, Amit Kumar, Veronica Obregon-Perko, Katharine J. Bar, Kevin O. Saunders, Sampa Santra, Kristina De Paris, Georgia D. Tomaras, Ann Chahroudi, Sallie R. Permar, Rama R. Amara, Genevieve G. Fouda
  • Free
    Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives

    The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and its subsequent spread to the rest of the world has created a pandemic situation unprecedented in modern history. While ACE2 has been identified as the viral receptor, cellular polysaccharides have also been implicated in virus entry.

    Ritesh Tandon, Joshua S. Sharp, Fuming Zhang, Vitor H. Pomin, Nicole M. Ashpole, Dipanwita Mitra, Martin G. McCandless, Weihua Jin, Hao Liu, Poonam Sharma, Robert J. Linhardt
  • A Replication-Defective Influenza Virus Harboring H5 and H7 Hemagglutinins Provides Protection against H5N1 and H7N9 Infection in Mice
    Vaccines and Antiviral Agents
    A Replication-Defective Influenza Virus Harboring H5 and H7 Hemagglutinins Provides Protection against H5N1 and H7N9 Infection in Mice

    Avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9 viruses infected humans with high mortality rates. A highly safe and effective vaccine is needed to protect against a potential pandemic.

    Xingui Tian, Shelby Landreth, Yao Lu, Kannupriya Pandey, Yan Zhou

Pathogenesis and Immunity

  • Free
    Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Gene 5 Modulates Pathogenesis in Mice
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Gene 5 Modulates Pathogenesis in Mice

    Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus causing human infections with high mortality rate (∼35%). Animal models together with reverse-genetics systems are essential to understand MERS-CoV pathogenesis. We developed a reverse-genetics system for a mouse-adapted MERS-CoV that reproduces the virus behavior observed in humans. This system is highly useful to investigate the role of specific viral genes in...

    Javier Gutierrez-Alvarez, Li Wang, Raul Fernandez-Delgado, Kun Li, Paul B. McCray, Stanley Perlman, Isabel Sola, Sonia Zuñiga, Luis Enjuanes
  • Marek’s Disease Virus Requires Both Copies of the Inverted Repeat Regions for Efficient <em>In Vivo</em> Replication and Pathogenesis
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Marek’s Disease Virus Requires Both Copies of the Inverted Repeat Regions for Efficient In Vivo Replication and Pathogenesis

    Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and causes losses in the poultry industry of up to $2 billion per year. The virus is also widely used as a model to study alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis and virus-induced tumor development in a natural host. MDV and most other herpesviruses harbor direct or inverted repeats regions in their genome. However, the role of these sequence duplications in...

    Tereza Vychodil, Andelé M. Conradie, Jakob Trimpert, Amr Aswad, Luca D. Bertzbach, Benedikt B. Kaufer
  • Open Access
    Deep Gene Sequence Cluster Analyses of Multi-Virus-Infected Mucosal Tissue Reveal Enhanced Transmission of Acute HIV-1
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Deep Gene Sequence Cluster Analyses of Multi-Virus-Infected Mucosal Tissue Reveal Enhanced Transmission of Acute HIV-1

    During heterosexual HIV-1 transmission, a genetic bottleneck occurs in the newly infected individual as the virus passes from the mucosa, leading to systemic infection with a single transmitted HIV-1 clone in the recipient. This bottleneck in the recipient has just been described, and the mechanisms involved in this selection process have not been elucidated.

    Katja Klein, Immaculate Nankya, Gabrielle Nickel, Annette N. Ratcliff, Adam A. J. Meadows, Nicholas Hathaway, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Daniel J. Stieh, Hannah M. Cheeseman, Ann M. Carias, Michael A. Lobritz, Jamie F. S. Mann, Yong Gao, Thomas J. Hope, Robin J. Shattock, Eric J. Arts
  • Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Engages CD83 and Promotes Pulmonary Injury
    Pathogenesis and Immunity
    Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Engages CD83 and Promotes Pulmonary Injury

    The massive release of circulating mediators of inflammation is responsible for lung injury during influenza A virus infection. This phenomenon is referred to as the “cytokine storm.” However, the mechanism by which influenza induces the cytokine storm is not fully understood.

    Ning Ma, Xingjie Li, Hongyu Jiang, Yulong Dai, Guofeng Xu, Zongde Zhang
  • Open Access
    Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike versus Nucleoprotein Antibody Responses Impact the Estimates of Infections in Population-Based Seroprevalence Studies
    Pathogenesis and Immunity | Spotlight
    Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike versus Nucleoprotein Antibody Responses Impact the Estimates of Infections in Population-Based Seroprevalence Studies

    In the present study, we have determined SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses in sera of acute and postinfection phase subjects. Our results indicate that antibody responses against viral S and N proteins were equally sensitive in the acute phase of infection, but that responses against N appear to wane in the postinfection phase where those against the S protein persist over time. The most sensitive serological assay in both acute...

    Craig Fenwick, Antony Croxatto, Alix T. Coste, Florence Pojer, Cyril André, Céline Pellaton, Alex Farina, Jérémy Campos, David Hacker, Kelvin Lau, Berend-Jan Bosch, Semira Gonseth Nussle, Murielle Bochud, Valerie D’Acremont, Didier Trono, Gilbert Greub, Giuseppe Pantaleo

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Journal of Virology® (JVI) explores the nature of viruses, reporting important new discoveries and pointing to new directions in research.

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  • Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus
  • COVID-19 Vaccines: “Warp Speed” Needs Mind Melds, Not Warped Minds
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