JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 26 December 2007

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J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01784-07
Copyright (c) 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Interferon alpha/beta inhibits cap-dependent translation of viral but not cellular mRNA by a PKR-independent mechanism

Mulu Z. Tesfay, Jun Yin, Christina L. Gardner, Mikhail V. Khoretonenko, Nadejda L. Korneeva, Robert E. Rhoads, Kate D. Ryman, and William B. Klimstra^*

Center for Molecular & Tumor Virology, Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology and Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: wklims{at}lsuhsc.edu.

The type I interferon (IFN) response is critical for host protection against disseminated replication of many viruses, primarily due to the transcriptional upregulation of genes encoding antiviral proteins. Previously, we determined that infection of mice with Sindbis virus (SB) could be converted from asymptomatic to rapidly fatal by elimination of this response (Ryman et al., J. Virol. 74:3366-3378, 2000). Probing of the specific antiviral proteins important for IFN-mediated control of virus replication indicated that the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, exerted some early antiviral effects prior to IFN signaling; however, the ability of IFN to inhibit SB and protect mice from clinical disease was essentially undiminished in the absence of PKR, RNase L and Mx proteins (Ryman et al., Viral Immunol. 15:53-76, 2002). One characteristic of the PKR/RNaseL/Mx-independent antiviral effect was a blockage of viral protein accumulation early after infection (Ryman et al., J. Virol. 79:1487-1499, 2005). In the current studies, we show that IFN priming induces a PKR-independent activity that inhibits m⁷G cap-dependent translation at a step after association of cap-binding factors and the small ribosome subunit but before formation of the 80S ribosome. Furthermore, the activity targets mRNAs that enter across the cytoplasmic membrane but nucleus-transcribed RNAs are relatively unaffected. Therefore, this IFN-induced antiviral activity represents a mechanism through which IFN-exposed cells are defended against viruses that enter into the cytoplasm while preserving essential host activities including the expression of antiviral and stress-responsive genes.

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