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J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01457-07
Copyright (c) 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Claudin-6 and Claudin-9 Function as Additional co-Receptors for Hepatitis C Virus

Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: hongkui_deng{at}pku.edu.cn.

	Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global challenge to public health. Several factors have been proven to be critical for HCV entry, including the newly identified claudin-1 (CLDN1). However, the mechanism of HCV entry is still obscure. Presently, among the 20 members of the claudin family so far identified in humans, CLDN1 has been the only member shown to be necessary for HCV entry. Recently, we discovered that Bel7402, a HCV permissive cell line, does not express CLDN1 but expresses other members of claudin family. Among these claudins, CLDN9 was able to mediate HCV entry just as efficiently as CLDN1. We then examined if other members of the claudin family could mediate entry. We show that CLDN6 and 9, but not CLDN2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 15, 17 and 23 were able to mediate entry of HCV into target cells. We found CLDN6 and 9 are expressed in the liver, the primary site of HCV replication. We also showed that CLDN6 and CLDN9, but not CLDN1, are expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the additional site of HCV replication. Through sequence comparison and mutagenesis studies, we show that residues N38 and V45 in the first extracellular loop (EL1) of CLDN9 are necessary for HCV entry.

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