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Journal of Virology, May 2009, p. 4060-4067, Vol. 83, No. 9
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02425-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Foreign Glycoproteins Can Be Actively Recruited to Virus Assembly Sites during Pseudotyping{triangledown}

Rebecca L. Jorgenson,1 Volker M. Vogt,2 and Marc C. Johnson1*

Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York2

Received 24 November 2008/ Accepted 5 February 2009

Retroviruses like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), as well as many other enveloped viruses, can efficiently produce infectious virus in the absence of their own surface glycoprotein if a suitable glycoprotein from a foreign virus is expressed in the same cell. This process of complementation, known as pseudotyping, often can occur even when the glycoprotein is from an unrelated virus. Although pseudotyping is widely used for engineering chimeric viruses, it has remained unknown whether a virus can actively recruit foreign glycoproteins to budding sites or, alternatively, if a virus obtains the glycoproteins through a passive mechanism. We have studied the specificity of glycoprotein recruitment by immunogold labeling viral glycoproteins and imaging their distribution on the host plasma membrane using scanning electron microscopy. Expressed alone, all tested viral glycoproteins were relatively randomly distributed on the plasma membrane. However, in the presence of budding HIV-1 or Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) particles, some glycoproteins, such as those encoded by murine leukemia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, were dramatically redistributed to viral budding sites. In contrast, the RSV Env glycoprotein was robustly recruited only to the homologous RSV budding sites. These data demonstrate that viral glycoproteins are not in preformed membrane patches prior to viral assembly but rather that glycoproteins are actively recruited to certain viral assembly sites.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 471C Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. Phone: (573) 882-1519. Fax: (573) 884-9676. E-mail: marcjohnson{at}missouri.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 18 February 2009.

Journal of Virology, May 2009, p. 4060-4067, Vol. 83, No. 9
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02425-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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