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Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 3475-3485, Vol. 83, No. 8
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01836-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Attenuated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus RNA Carrying a Deletion in the 3' Noncoding Region Can Elicit Immunity in Swine {triangledown}

Miguel Rodríguez Pulido,1,2 Francisco Sobrino,1,2 Belén Borrego,2 and Margarita Sáiz1,2*

Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain,1 Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain2

Received 1 September 2008/ Accepted 1 February 2009

We constructed foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) mutants bearing independent deletions of the two stem-loop structures predicted in the 3' noncoding region of viral RNA, SL1 and SL2, respectively. Deletion of SL2 was lethal for viral infectivity in cultured cells, while deletion of SL1 resulted in viruses with slower growth kinetics and downregulated replication associated with impaired negative-strand RNA synthesis. With the aim of exploring the potential of an RNA-based vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease using attenuated viral genomes, full-length chimeric O1K/C-S8 RNAs were first inoculated into pigs. Our results show that FMDV viral transcripts could generate infectious virus and induce disease in swine. In contrast, RNAs carrying the {Delta}SL1 mutation on an FMDV O1K genome were innocuous for pigs but elicited a specific immune response including both humoral and cellular responses. A single inoculation with 500 µg of RNA was able to induce a neutralizing antibody response. This response could be further boosted by a second RNA injection. The presence of the {Delta}SL1 mutation was confirmed in viruses isolated from serum samples of RNA-inoculated pigs or after transfection and five passages in cell culture. These findings suggest that deletion of SL1 might contribute to FMDV attenuation in swine and support the potential of RNA technology for the design of new FMDV vaccines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-91-1964522. Fax: 34-91-1964420. E-mail: msaiz{at}cbm.uam.es

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 February 2009.

Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 3475-3485, Vol. 83, No. 8
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01836-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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