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Journal of Virology, June 2009, p. 5495-5504, Vol. 83, No. 11
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01880-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Impaired Cholesterol Biosynthesis in a Neuronal Cell Line Persistently Infected with Measles Virus{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Shahar Robinzon,1,2,{ddagger} Avis Dafa-Berger,2,{ddagger} Mathew D. Dyer,1 Bryan Paeper,1 Sean C. Proll,1 Thomas H. Teal,1 Slava Rom,2 Daniel Fishman,3 Bracha Rager-Zisman,2 and Michael G. Katze1*

Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology,2 Department of Morphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel3

Received 8 September 2008/ Accepted 28 February 2009

Measles virus remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality, producing acute infection with a potential for development of viral persistence. To study the events underlying acute and persistent measles virus infection, we performed a global transcriptional analysis on murine neuroblastoma cells that were acutely or persistently infected with measles virus. In general, we found that acute infection induced significantly more gene expression changes than did persistent infection. A functional enrichment analysis to identify which host pathways were perturbed during each of these infections identified several pathways related to cholesterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol metabolic processes, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase activity, and acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity. We also found that measles virus colocalized to lipid rafts in both acute and persistent infection models and that the majority of genes associated with cholesterol synthesis were downregulated in persistent infection relative to acute infection, suggesting a possible link with the defective viral budding in persistent infection. Further, we found that pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol synthesis resulted in the inhibition of viral budding during acute infection. In summary, persistent measles viral infection was associated with decreased cholesterol synthesis, a lower abundance of cholesterol and lipid rafts in the cell membrane, and inhibition of giant-cell formation and release of viral progeny.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195-8070. Phone: (206) 604-1690. Fax: (206) 732-6055. E-mail: honey{at}u.washington.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 18 March 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

{ddagger} S.R. and A.D.-B. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, June 2009, p. 5495-5504, Vol. 83, No. 11
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01880-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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