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Journal of Virology, September 2008, p. 8947-8950, Vol. 82, No. 17
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00101-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Anomalies in the Influenza Virus Genome Database: New Biology or Laboratory Errors?{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Michael Krasnitz,*{ddagger} Arnold J. Levine, and Raul Rabadan*{ddagger}

Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Dr., Princeton, New Jersey 08540

Received 15 January 2008/ Accepted 6 June 2008

A search of the influenza virus genome database reveals anomalies associated with a nonnegligible number of submitted sequences. There are many pairs of viral segments that are very close to each other in nucleotide sequence but relatively far apart in reported time of isolation, resulting in an abnormally low evolutionary rate. Also, some sequences show clear evidence of apparent homologous recombination, a process normally assumed to be extremely rare or nonexistent in this virus. These findings may point to surprising new biology but are perhaps more readily explained by stock contamination or other errors in the sequencing laboratories.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Michael Krasnitz: Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Dr., Princeton, NJ 08540. Phone: (609) 734-8048. Fax: (609) 951-4459. E-mail: krasnitz{at}ias.edu. Mailing address for Raul Rabadan: Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Dr., Princeton, NJ 08540. Phone: (609) 734-8079. Fax: (609) 951-4459. E-mail: rabadan{at}ias.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 25 June 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

{ddagger} These two authors contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, September 2008, p. 8947-8950, Vol. 82, No. 17
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00101-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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