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Journal of Virology, August 2008, p. 8224-8229, Vol. 82, No. 16
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02584-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Metapneumovirus Small Hydrophobic Protein Inhibits NF-{kappa}B Transcriptional Activity{triangledown}

Xiaoyong Bao,1 Deepthi Kolli,1 Tianshuang Liu,1 Yichu Shan,1 Roberto P. Garofalo,1,2,3 and Antonella Casola1,2,3*

Departments of Pediatrics,1 Microbiology and Immunology,2 Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 775553

Received 4 December 2007/ Accepted 2 May 2008

Human metapneumovirus, a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein of unknown function. In this study, we showed that infection of airway epithelial cells or mice with recombinant human metapneumovirus lacking SH expression (rhMPV-{Delta}SH) enhanced secretion of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8, encoded by two NF-kB-dependent genes, compared to infection with wild-type rhMPV. RhMPV-{Delta}SH infection resulted in enhanced NF-kB-dependent gene transcription and in increased levels of phosphorylated and acetylated NF-kB without affecting its nuclear translocation, identifying a possible novel mechanism by which paramyxovirus SH proteins modulate NF-kB activation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Health Research Center, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366. Phone: (409) 747-0581. Fax: (409) 772-1761. E-mail: ancasola{at}utmb.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 June 2008.

Journal of Virology, August 2008, p. 8224-8229, Vol. 82, No. 16
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02584-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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