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Journal of Virology, July 2008, p. 6610-6617, Vol. 82, No. 13
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00141-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Antibody Is Critical for the Clearance of Murine Norovirus Infection {triangledown}

Karen A. Chachu,1 David W. Strong,1 Anna D. LoBue,2 Christiane E. Wobus,1,{dagger} Ralph S. Baric,2 and Herbert W. Virgin IV1*

Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-72902

Received 18 January 2008/ Accepted 7 April 2008

Human noroviruses cause more than 90% of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. However, the role of B cells and antibody in the immune response to noroviruses is unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that human norovirus specific antibody levels increase upon infection, but they may not be protective against infection. In this report, we used murine norovirus (MNV), an enteric norovirus, as a model to determine the importance of norovirus specific B cells and immune antibody in clearance of norovirus infection. We show here that mice genetically deficient in B cells failed to clear primary MNV infection as effectively as wild-type mice. In addition, adoptively transferred immune splenocytes derived from B-cell-deficient mice or antibody production-deficient mice were unable to efficiently clear persistent MNV infection in RAG1–/– mice. Further, adoptive transfer of either polyclonal anti-MNV serum or neutralizing anti-MNV monoclonal antibodies was sufficient to reduce the level of MNV infection both systemically and in the intestine. Together, these data demonstrate that antibody plays an important role in the clearance of MNV and that immunoglobulin G anti-norovirus antibody can play an important role in clearing mucosal infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Box 8118, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-9223. Fax: (314) 362-4096. E-mail: virgin{at}wustl.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 16 April 2008.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

Journal of Virology, July 2008, p. 6610-6617, Vol. 82, No. 13
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00141-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Hensley, S. E., Pinto, A. K., Hickman, H. D., Kastenmayer, R. J., Bennink, J. R., Virgin, H. W., Yewdell, J. W. (2009). Murine Norovirus Infection Has No Significant Effect on Adaptive Immunity to Vaccinia Virus or Influenza A Virus. J. Virol. 83: 7357-7360 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • LoBue, A. D., Thompson, J. M., Lindesmith, L., Johnston, R. E., Baric, R. S. (2009). Alphavirus-Adjuvanted Norovirus-Like Particle Vaccines: Heterologous, Humoral, and Mucosal Immune Responses Protect against Murine Norovirus Challenge. J. Virol. 83: 3212-3227 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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