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Journal of Virology, June 2008, p. 5145-5152, Vol. 82, No. 11
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02433-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Dynamics and Alpha Interferon Production during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with a Nonpathogenic Outcome{triangledown}

Ousmane M. Diop,1 Mickaël J.-Y. Ploquin,2,# Lorenzo Mortara,2,{dagger} Abdourahmane Faye,1 Béatrice Jacquelin,2 Désirée Kunkel,2 Pierre Lebon,3 Cécile Butor,4,5,6 Anne Hosmalin,4,5 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi,2 and Michaela C. Müller-Trutwin2*

Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal,1 Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 75015 Paris, France,2 Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul et Université Paris 5, Service de Virologie, 75014 Paris, France,3 Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris, France,4 INSERM U567, Paris, France,5 Université Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France6

Received 12 November 2007/ Accepted 13 March 2008

We addressed the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) in protection against AIDS in nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVagm) infection in African green monkeys (AGMs). PDC were monitored in blood and lymph nodes (LNs) starting from day 1 postinfection. We observed significant declines in blood during acute infection. However, PDC then returned to normal levels, and chronically infected AGMs showed no decrease of PDC in blood. There was a significant increase of PDC in LNs during acute infection. Blood PDC displayed only weak alpha interferon (IFN-{alpha}) responses to TLR9 agonist stimulation before infection. However, during acute infection, both blood and LN PDC showed a transiently increased propensity for IFN-{alpha} production. Bioactive IFN-{alpha} was detected in plasma concomitant with the peak of viremia, though levels were only low to moderate in some animals. Plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-12 were not increased. In conclusion, PDC were recruited to the LNs and displayed increased IFN-{alpha} production during acute infection. However, increases in IFN-{alpha} were transient. Together with the lack of inflammatory cytokine responses, these events might play an important role in the low level of T-cell activation which is associated with protection against AIDS in nonpathogenic SIVagm infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, 25, rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France. Phone: 33140613969. Fax: 33145688957. E-mail: mmuller{at}pasteur.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 2 April 2008.

# Present address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI.

{dagger} Present address: University of Insubria, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Varese, Italy.

Journal of Virology, June 2008, p. 5145-5152, Vol. 82, No. 11
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02433-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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