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Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2700-2712, Vol. 81, No. 6
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02010-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pathobiology Studied in Humanized BALB/c-Rag2–/–{gamma}c–/– Mice{triangledown}

Santhi Gorantla,1 Hannah Sneller,1 Lisa Walters,1 John G. Sharp,3 Samuel J. Pirruccello,4 John T. West,5 Charles Wood,5 Stephen Dewhurst,6 Howard E. Gendelman,1,2 and Larisa Poluektova1*

Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience and Departments of,1 Internal Medicine,2 Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy,3 Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska,4 Nebraska Center for Virology and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska,5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York6

Received 14 September 2006/ Accepted 13 December 2006

The specificity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for human cells precludes virus infection in most mammalian species and limits the utility of small animal models for studies of disease pathogenesis, therapy, and vaccine development. One way to overcome this limitation is by human cell xenotransplantation in immune-deficient mice. However, this has proved inadequate, as engraftment of human immune cells is limited (both functionally and quantitatively) following transplantation of mature human lymphocytes or fetal thymus/liver. To this end, a human immune system was generated from umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in BALB/c-Rag2–/–{gamma}c–/– mice. Intrapartum busulfan administration followed by irradiation of newborn pups resulted in uniform engraftment characterized by human T-cell development in thymus, B-cell maturation in bone marrow, lymph node development, immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG production, and humoral immune responses following ActHIB vaccination. Infection of reconstituted mice by CCR5-coreceptor utilizing HIV-1ADA and subtype C 1157 viral strains elicited productive viral replication and lymphadenopathy in a dose-dependent fashion. We conclude that humanized BALB/c-Rag2–/–{gamma}c–/– mice represent a unique and valuable resource for HIV-1 pathobiology studies.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880. Phone: (402) 559-8926. Fax: (402) 559-3744. E-mail: lpoluekt{at}unmc.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 20 December 2006.

Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2700-2712, Vol. 81, No. 6
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02010-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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