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Journal of Virology, August 2007, p. 8563-8570, Vol. 81, No. 16
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00744-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Heterologous Prime/Boost Immunization of Rhesus Monkeys by Using Diverse Poxvirus Vectors{triangledown}

Sampa Santra,1 Yue Sun,1 Jenny G. Parvani,1 Valerie Philippon,2 Michael S. Wyand,2 Kelledy Manson,2 Alicia Gomez-Yafal,2 Gail Mazzara,2 Dennis Panicali,2 Phillip D. Markham,3 David C. Montefiori,4 and Norman L. Letvin1*

Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,1 Therion Biologics, 76 Rogers Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,2 Advanced Bioscience Laboratories, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, Maryland 20895,3 Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 277104

Received 5 April 2007/ Accepted 23 May 2007

As the diversity of potential immunogens increases within certain classes of vectors, the possibility has arisen of employing heterologous prime/boost immunizations using diverse members of the same family of vectors. The present study was initiated to explore the use of divergent pox vectors in a prime/boost regimen to elicit high-frequency cellular immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and simian immunodeficiency virus gag in rhesus monkeys. We demonstrated that monkeys vaccinated with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) prime/recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) boost regimen and monkeys vaccinated with a recombinant vaccinia virus prime/rFPV boost regimen developed comparable cellular immune responses that were greater in magnitude than those elicited by a homologous prime/boost with rMVA. Nevertheless, comparable magnitude recall cellular immune responses were observed in monkeys vaccinated with heterologous and homologous recombinant poxvirus following challenge with the CXCR4-tropic SHIV-89.6P. Consistent with this finding, comparable levels of containment of viral replication and CD4+ T-lymphocyte preservation were seen in these groups of recombinant poxvirus-vaccinated monkeys. This study supports further exploration of combining recombinant vectors of the same family in prime/boost immunization strategies to optimize vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, RE113, P.O. Box 15732, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: (617) 667-2766. Fax: (617) 667-8210. E-mail: nletvin{at}bidmc.harvard.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 June 2007.

Journal of Virology, August 2007, p. 8563-8570, Vol. 81, No. 16
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00744-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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